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By Muhammad Shūmān
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood ibn Ronald Burbank (rahimahullaah)
All praise and thanks are due to Allaah, Lord of the worlds. May His peace and prayers be upon Muhammad and upon those who follow his Sunnah.
More than likely this book shall attract much attention. Perhaps it shall be a gift from a husband to his wife or perhaps those of us awaiting marriage will eagerly study these few pages to better understand what is expected of us and how we can strive towards it. Nevertheless there will be some who shall huff and utter annoyances under their breath claiming that yet again this is targeted at women (not men), censuring and restricting them. Unfortunately such people will rarely study the text but on flicking through these pages shall come to the conclusion that this has been written by a fanatical male Muslim to tyrannise and discredit the role of women.
In six short, concise chapters Muhammad Shūmān has brought together a collection of authentic ahaadeeth and many Aayaat to aid the Muslimah towards righteousness and advise and encourage her with regards to her husbands rights upon her and how she can attain the pleasure of her Creator by doing so. You may find some of the wording harsh, or even strange, but the fault isn’t in the text, rather in ourselves due to this society where the ‘choices’ are only the western liberal choices and hence we have become accustomed to moulding ourselves in a particular way – sometimes quite alien from Islaam.
Our duty above all is to worship Allaah, obedience to Him taking precedence over the rest of creation. If He asks us to do something then that should become an aim we try our hardest to fulfill. With this in mind, when we now approach the issue of marriage then it should be made clear that obedience to one’s husband is an Islamic duty and hence earns the pleasure of our Lord. It must be pointed out that the author has kept his own words to a minimum and instead has based this book on the Sayings of Allaah and His Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) (with the explanation of some prominent scholars) – thus the Believer has no choice but to submit to it wholeheartedly. Allaah, the Most High says,
“It is not fitting for any believing man or woman, when Allaah and His Messenger have decreed any matter that they should have any option in their affair, and whoever disobeys Allaah and His Messenger has strayed in plain error.” (Soorah al-Ahzaab 33:36)
If we read this and digest it with a sincere heart and recognise that there isn’t hardship imposed on the woman and ease for the man, rather that which is mentioned shall only lead to greater comfort, ease and satisfaction for both parties. A marriage which starts on the right footing where the husband and wife identify their own roles and compliment each other according to what is contained in the Qur’aan and Sunnah then theirs shall be the marriage in which there is happiness and joy – success in both worlds, for they have put their entire trust in Allaah, He who knows what benefits and rectifies the servants and what harms and corrupts them.
Although the pages are few, the lessons are many and even if we were to act on half of them we would feel an immediate change in ourselves and our homes. It is about time that a book of this nature and dealing with such an important topic has become available to the Muslim women in the west where we are in much need of instruction from the Qur’aan and Sunnah so that we can easily reject western models and replace them with the best of examples.
We hope that this book will not be misused by husbands but rather that it will serve as a reminder to them also and a warning that they are not left to their customary conduct in this affair. There is advise and encouragement for the husband to live with his wife in a good and honourable manner, taking care of her – highlighting that the success and tranquility of the marriage does not just fall upon his wife, rather it is a shared responsibility.
We ask Allaah to reward the author for this service and his efforts, and may all the Muslim women who read this try to mould their characteristics upon this noble way and may all the Muslim men help and encourage us towards attaining the rewards and excellence for being a righteous wife.
Written by
Umm Nusaybah
31st Otober 1996
All praise is for Allaah. We praise Him, we seek His aid and we ask for His forgiveness. We seek Allaah’s refuge from the evils of ourselves and from our evil actions. Whosoever Allaah guides, there is no one who can misguide him; and whosoever Allaah misguides, there is no one who can guide him.
I testify that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah, alone, who has no partner; and I testify that Muhammad (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) is His slave and Messenger.
This treatise, “The Righteous Wife” is concise in its wording, important in its subject and valuable for the points of benefit it contains. We ask Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, to make this treatise of benefit to our Muslim sisters, and to all those who read it, and that He makes it a work done purely and sincerely to seek His Face. Indeed He is the one who gives bounteously and generously.
Written by
Muhammad Shūmān
1st Dhul-Qa’dah 1410H.
Allaah, the Most High, says:
“The men have authority over the women due to the excellence which Allaah has given to the man over the woman, and due to the wealth that they spend upon them.” [01]
Ibn Katheer says, “The man is in charge (qayyim) of the woman, i.e. he is the one in-charge of her, her chief, the one having authority over her and the one who corrects her if she inclines away from what is correct.” [02]
Abdur-Rahmaan as-Sa’ dee said (regarding the above mentioned Aayah),
“That is due to the excellence of men over women, and the eminence which they have been given over them. So the pre-eminence of the men over the women is from many aspects: holding positions of leadership and authority is particular to men, likewise Prophethood and Messengership. They are also particularised by many acts of worship such as jihaad , the eids and the Jum’ah prayers. Also due to the characteristics given to them by Allaah, the like of which are not possessed by women such as sound intellect, composure, patience and endurance. Likewise they are particularised with having to spend upon their wives, and indeed spending in many ways which are particular to the men – which distinguish them from the women. So perhaps this is the reason for His saying: وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا “…due to the wealth that they spend…” – and exactly what they spend is not stated to indicate that the spending referred to is general. So from all this it is known that the man is like a governor and master for his wife, and she is with him like a captive. So his role is to take care of that which Allaah has placed him in-charge of, and her role is to be obedient to her Lord and to obey her husband.” [03]
Al-Qaasimee said,
” الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ ” ‘The men have authority (qawwaamoon) over the women’ [04] – qawwaamoon is the plural of qawwaam. Qawwaam is the one who is responsible for taking care of their welfare, managing their affairs and disciplining them. That is, they are in-charge of and are to take care of the manners and behaviour of the women; ordering them and forbidding them, just as the ruler is responsible for his subjects. This is due to two reasons: (i) Due to the nature which Allaah gave them, and (ii) due to the role which they carry out.
The first is indicated by the Saying of Allaah:
“Due to the excellence which Allaah has given to the man over the woman.” [05]
This refers to the relation between the men and women, and means that the men have a position of dominance over them due to the superiority which Allaah has given to the men over the women.” [06]
Allaah, the Most High, says:
“Men have a degree over the women.” [07]
Ibn Katheer said, “Meaning: in excellence; in the nature given to them; in manners; in status; in the obedience due to them; in their spending and taking care of the (women’s) welfare; and in excellence in this life and the Hereafter.” [08]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Every soul from the children of Aadam is a master; so the man is the master of his family, and the woman is the mistress of her household. ” [09]
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If I were to order anyone to prostrate to other than Allaah, I would have ordered the woman to prostrate to her husband. By Him in whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad, the woman will not fulfill the rights of her Lord until she fulfills the rights of her husband; and even if he were to request her for herself (i.e. to have intercourse with her) whilst she was sitting upon a camel’s saddle [10], she should not refuse him.” [11]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“It is not right that any human being should prostrate to another human being, and if it were right for a human being to prostrate to another human being I would have ordered the woman to prostrate to her husband due to the greatness of his right upon her. By Him in whose Hand is my soul, if from his foot to the crown of his head there was a wound pouring forth pus, and she (the wife) came and licked that, then she would (still) not have fulfilled his right. “ [12]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“The right of the husband over the wife is such that if he had a wound, or his nostrils were pouring forth pus or blood, then she were to swallow that down – then she would (still) not have fulfilled his right.” [13]
Aboo Hurayrah, radiyAllaahu ‘anhu, reports that Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“It is not right for a woman to fast [14] whilst the husband is present except with his permission; [15] and whatever wealth she spends in charity without his order, then half of the reward is for him. ” [16]
Shaykh al-Albaanee said, “Since it is an obligation upon the woman to obey her husband with regard to fulfillment of his desire with her, then it is even more fitting that it is obligatory upon her to obey him with regard to that which is even more important than that – such as what pertains to bringing up the children, correcting her family and the like – all such rights and obligations.” [17]
Al-Haafidh Ibn Hajr said, “The hadeeth shows that the right of the husband upon the wife has priority over her performing optional good deeds, since his right is an obligation, and fulfillment of an obligation takes precedence over carrying out something optional.” [18]
Also Shaykhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah, rahimahullaah, was asked about a man who has a wife who fasts during the day and stands in prayer throughout the nights. Whenever he calls her to his bed she refuses and gives precedence to praying in the night and fasting during the day over obedience to the husband. So is this permissible? Shaykhul-Islaam replied, “That is not permissible for her by agreement of the Muslims. Rather it is obligatory upon her to obey when he calls her to the bed, this is a binding obligation upon her. However standing the night in prayer and fasting during the day is optional, so how can a believing woman give precedence to something optional over an obligation… and there is no right, after the rights of Allaah and His Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) more binding upon the woman than the rights of the husband.” [19]
Mu’aadh ibn Jabal, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If the woman knew the right of the husband, she would not sit when his morning and evening meals were presented until he finished. “ [20]
Aboo Hurayrah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If a woman prays her five (daily prayers), fast her month (i.e. Ramadaan), guards her private parts, and obeys her husband, it will be said to her, ‘Enter Paradise through whichever of the gates of Paradise you wish.'” [21]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Your women from the people of Paradise are the beloved and fertile, the one who is an asset to her husband, who if her husband becomes angry- comes and places her hand in the hand of her husband and says, ‘I will not taste sleep until you are pleased (with me). “‘ [22]
Fadaalah ibn ‘Ubayd, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“There are three who are not to be asked about: [23] A man who abandon s the Jamaa’ah [24] and disobeys his ruler [25] and dies in a state of disobedience – so do not ask about him; a female slave or a male slave who flees from his master; and a woman whose husband is away, and he has provided for her worldly needs, yet she adorns and displays herself [26] and roams around freely [27] without him – so do not ask about them. ” [28]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“There are three whose prayers will not be raised above their ears: the runaway slave until he returns; a woman who spends the night whilst her husband is angry with her; [29] and one who leads a people in prayer and they dislike him.[30] [31]
The Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Allaah will not Look at a woman who does not give thanks to her husband and she cannot do without him. “ [32]
Aboo Hurayrah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, reports that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“By Him in whose Hand is my soul, there is no man who calls his wife to his bed and she refuses him except that the One who is in the heaven is angry with her until he (her husband) is pleased with her. “ [33]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“When a woman spends the night forsaking the bed of her husband, then the angels curse her until she returns. “ [34]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If a man calls his wife to his bed and she refuses, and he spends the night angry with her, then the angels curse her until morning. “ [35]
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said to a woman, “Indeed he is your Paradise and your Fire.” [36] Meaning her husband.
So whichever woman obeys Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, with regard to her husband and fulfills his rights, then he will be her Paradise – meaning he will be a cause for her entering Paradise; and if she is disobedient to her husband – then the Fire.
Mu’aadh ibn Jabal, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“A woman does not harm her husband in this world except that his wife from the large eyed hooris (al-Hoorul ‘Een) [37] says, ‘Do not harm him, may Allaah kill you,for he is just a passing guest with you and is about to leave you and come to us.’ “[38]
‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“All of this world is a utility and the best utility is a righteous wife. “ [39]
Sa’d ibn Abee Waqqaas, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Four things are from prosperity: a righteous woman, a spacious dwelling, a righteous neighbour and an agreeable riding beast; and four things are from adversity: an evil neighbour, an evil woman, a bad riding beast and a cramped dwelling. “ [40]
Thawbaan, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, nararted, “When revelation was sent down concerning silver and gold, [41] they said, ‘So which wealth shall we possess?’ ‘Umar said, ‘I shall find this out for you.’ So he hastened upon his camel and went to the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) and I followed him. So he said, ‘O Messenger of Allaah, which wealth shall we possess?’ So he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
‘Let one of you possess a heart which is thankful, a tongue which makes mention of(Allaah), and a believing wife who helps one of you upon the affairs of the Hereafter.‘” [42]
The righteous wife is the one whom the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) advised should be obtained right from the beginning. As Aboo Hurayrah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, narrated from the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) that he said,
“A woman is married for four reasons: for her wealth; for her lineage; for her beauty; and for her religion (Deen). So marry the one who is good in her religion (Deen) – may your hands be covered in dust.” [43] [44]
Al-Haafidh Ibn Hajr said, “The meaning is that what is fitting for a person upon the religion and of good manners is that the religion should be the aim which he gives importance to in all of his affairs – particularly those affairs which he will be involved in for a long period of time. So the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) commanded him to obtain a woman who is good in her practice of the religion – which is the goal that is desired.” [45]
1. Devotion and obedience to Allaah, the Most High, such that she fulfills His rights, such as the prayer, fasting, chastity, covering herself, withholding her gaze and so on.
2. Obedience to her husband in that which does not involve disobedience to Allaah, the Most High, such that she fulfills his rights completely, and fro m them are what has proceeded in the first chapter.
3. That she guards and preserves herself and her honour, in the absence of her husband, from the hand of anyone wishing to touch her, the eye of anyone wishing to look upon her, and the ear of anyone wishing to listen to her.
Likewise that she preserves her husband’s children, home and wealth.
Allaah, the Most High, says:
“Therefore the righteous women are obedient to Allaah and their husbands, and guard that which Allaah has ordered them to guard (their chastity and their husbands property) in the absence of their husbands.” [46]
As-Sa’dee said, فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ meaning they are obedient to Allaah, the Most High; حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ meaning they are obedient to their husbands even when the husbands are absent, she guards herself and her husband’s property.” [47]
The Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If a woman prays her five (daily prayers), fasts her month (i.e. Ramadaan), guards her private parts, and obeys her husband, it will be said to her, ‘Enter Paradise through whichever of the gates of Paradise you wish. ‘” [48]
4. Serving her husband. First of all by carrying out what is required in his house, such as bringing up and educating the children, preparing the meals and the beds and so on.
From Husayn ibn Mihsan who said that my paternal aunt said,
“I came to Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) for some need, so he asked, ‘You there! Are you married?’ I replied, ‘Yes.’ He then asked, ‘How are you towards your husband?’ She responded, ‘I do not fall short in his service except with regard to what I am unable to do. ‘ He said, ‘Then look to your standing with him, for indeed he is your Paradise and your Fire .”‘ [49]
Here is an example of how Asmaa’ bint Abee Bakr, radiyallaahu ‘anhumaa, served her husband. She said,
“Az-Zubayr married me and he did not have any property or slaves or anything upon the earth except for a camel which drew water from the well and his horse. So I used to feed his horse, draw the water, stitch his water bucket, and prepare the dough, but I was not proficient in baking bread – so ladies from the Ansaar who were my neighbours and were honourable used to bake the bread for me. I also used to carry the date-stones upon my head, from the land given to az-Zubayr by Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) – and it was about two miles away. One day when I was coming with the date-stones on my head, I met Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) and a group of the Ansaar were with him. So he called me and said, ‘Ikh, ikh.’ [50] in order to carry me behind him upon the camel. But I felt shy to proceed along with the men, and I thought of az-Zubayr and his sense of jealousy, and he was one of the most jealous of the people. So Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) saw my shyness and so passed on. So I came to az-Zubayr and said, ‘Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) met me while I was carrying the date stones upon my head and with him were a group of his Companions. He caused his riding camel to kneel, but I felt shy and remembered your sense of jealousy.’ So he said, ‘By Allaah your having to carry the date-stones is harder upon me than that you should ride along with him.”‘ She said, “Then later on Aboo Bakr sent me a servant to look after the horse, so it was as if he had set me free.” [51]
The scholars differ with regard to the ruling about a woman serving her husband. Shaykhul-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah said, “The scholars differed about whether she has to serve her husband with regard to the like of household bedding, preparing food and drinks, baking the bread, grinding the corn, and providing food for his slaves and cattle – such as providing fodder for his riding beast and so on. “Some of them say: It is not obligatory for her to serve him – and this is a weak saying, like the weakness of the saying that it is not obligatory upon her to live together with him and have intercourse with him! However what is correct is that it is obligatory to serve him, since the husband is her master according to the Book of Allaah, and she is a captive with him according to the Sunnah of the Prophet [52] (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم), and the captive and the slave have to serve – and this is something known.
…the Saying of Allaah, the Most High,
“Therefore the righteous women are obedient to Allaah and their husbands, and guard that which Allaah has ordered them to guard (their chastity and their husbands property) in the absence of their husbands.” [53]
“This Aayah shows that it is obligatory upon her to serve her husband unrestrictedly, including: serving him, travelling along with him , making herself available to him, and so on – just as it is obligatory to obey the parents, since the obedience due from her to the parents transfers to the husband.” [54]
5. Keeping the husbands secrets. Particularly what occurs between him and her in private – with regard to sexual matters and the private affairs within the marriage. Disclosing the husbands secrets will hurt him and anger him and this contradicts obedience to him and seeking to please him. Furthermore preserving his secrets is one of the duties of the righteous and obedient women, as described in the Saying of Allaah,
“Guarding that which (Allaah has commanded them to guard) in the absence of their husbands.” [55]
Part of their guarding what they are to guard in the absence of their husbands is that they should not broadcast their secrets.
From Asmaa’ bint Yazeed, radiyallaahu ‘anhaa, who said that she was in the company of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) and men and women were sitting, and he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Perhaps a man mentions that which he did with his wife, and perhaps a woman informs of what she does with her husband?!” So the people were silent, so I said, “Yes, by Allaah, O Messenger of Allaah! The women certainly do that, and the men certainly do that.” He (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said, “Then do not do so, since that is just like a male devil meeting a female devil upon the way, and he has intercourse with her while the people are watching. “ [56]
6. She should appear before the husband in the best appearance, such that if he looks at her it pleases him. Aboo Hurayrah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, narrates the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) was asked,
“Which of the women is the best?” He replied, “The one who gives him [57] pleasure when he looks;[58] obeys him when he orders; and does not go against his wishes with regard to herself or her wealth by doing that which he dislikes. “ [59]
7. She should not spend any of his wealth or her wealth except with his permission.
From ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘ Aas, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said that Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
” It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift except with the permission of her husband. “ [60]
Al-Albaanee said, “However it is not becoming for the husband – if he is a sincere Muslim – that he should use this ruling to play the tyrant with his wife and to prevent her from utilizing her wealth in a manner which will not harm either of them. Indeed this right is very similar to the right of the girls guardian – who is such that she cannot get herself married except with his permission. But if he unjustly prevents her, then the matter is raised to the Islamic judge for justice to be attained. Likewise is the ruling with regard to a woman’s wealth if her husband oppresses her and prevents her from spending her wealth in a lawful and prescribed manner – then the judge will also bring about justice for her. So there is no problem with the ruling itself, rather the problem is in how it is misused.” [61]
8. She should not permit anyone to enter her husbands house except with his permission.
From Aboo Hurayrah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“It is not permissible for a woman to fast when her husband is present except with his permission; nor may she permit anyone to enter his house except with his permission; and whatever she spends in charity without his order – then half of the reward is for him. “ [62]
9. She should not ask her husband for divorce without a reason necessitating that.
From Thawbaan, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said that the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Whichever woman asks her husband for divorce without a strong reason – then the fragrance of Paradise will be forbidden for her. “ [63]
10. Avoidance of cursing.
Aboo Sa’eed al-Khudree, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, said
“The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) went out to the prayer-ground for the (prayer of) Adhaa or Fitr, and he passed by the women and said, ‘O women! Give in charity,for I have been shown that you shall be the majority of the people of the Fire .’ So they asked, ‘Why is that, 0 Messenger of Allaah?’ He replied, ‘You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands. ‘” [64]
11. Being thankful to the husband for the good he does and for his good treatment of his wife.
This is accomplished by good words, and by her obedience to him in what is good, and by not forgetting his good treatment and avoiding denying this, since that is one of the reasons which brings about entry into the Fire.
From Ibn ‘Abbaas, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said that the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“I was shown the Fire and found that the majority of its inhabitants were women, due to ingratitude. It was said: “Is it that they disbelieve in Allaah?” He said: They are ungrateful to their husbands and deny the good they do. If you were to treat one of them well always, and she then saw something (displeasing) from you she would say: ‘I have never seen any good from you. ‘” [65]
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Allaah will not look at a woman who is not thankful to her husband and she cannot do without him.” [66]
12. She should not remove her clothes outside her husbands house.
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Whichever woman removes her clothes in other than her house, then Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, will tear down His cover from her. “ [67]
Al-Manaawee said, ‘”Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, will tear down His cover from her’ since because she has failed to take care of what she has been commanded with regard to covering herself from strangers, then this is the recompense she receives, the recompense being of the type of the action. What is apparent is that removal of her clothing means uncovering herself to strange males, for the purpose of sexual intercourse or that which leads to it. As opposed to the case if she were to remove her clothes amongst women, whilst covering her private parts, since there is no reason for that to enter into this warning.” [68]
13. Striving to please the husband by every possible means.
The hadeeth has already preceded containing the saying of the righteous wife, “… I will not taste sleep until you are pleased (with me).”
There also occurs in al-Kabaa’ir of adh-Dhahabee, “What is obligatory upon the woman is that she seeks the pleasure of her husband, and avoids angering him, and does not refuse him whenever he wants her. The woman must also know that she is like a slave to her husband, so she should not do anything affecting herself or her husbands wealth except with his permission. She should give precedence to his rights over her rights, and the rights of his relatives over the rights of her relatives, and she should keep herself clean and be ready for him to enjoy her. She should not boast at his expense of her beauty, nor rebuke him for any ugliness found in him. The woman must also be always modest and reserved in the presence of her husband, lower her eyes in front of him, obey his commands, remain silent when he speaks, keep far away from everything which angers him, avoid treachery when he is absent, with regard to his bed, his wealth and his house. She should ensure that her aroma is pleasant, be accustomed to using musk and perfume and cleaning her mouth with siwaak. She should be constant in adorning herself in his presence and not when he is absent. She should treat his family and relatives honourably, and consider something small from him as something great.” [69]
Knowing the greatness and exaltedness of Allaah, the Most High, and that He is the True God, the One who watches over His creation, and that His Religion is the true and straight way, and the laws He had prescribed are the straight path, and to know the perfectness of His Wisdom in whatever He orders and forbids, and whatever He decrees and chooses.
Furthermore that His knowledge comprehends everything to be known, what is apparent and what is hidden: so He knows what benefits the servants and what harms them. He knows what will rectify them and what will ruin and corrupt them. He, the One free of all imperfections, is also the Most Merciful of all those who show mercy, so He does not order His servants except with that which is good for them in their Religion and their worldly-life, and brings about felicity for them in this world and the Hereafter; and He does not forbid them except from that which will bring misery for them in this world and the Hereafter.
So whatever He, the One free of all imperfections, has prescribed is a mercy and a blessing; and whoever proceeds upon that way and follows it will be one of those who are happy and successful in both worlds, and will live a fine life filled with happiness and joy, they will not be miserable at all except in those things where they contradict the commandments of their Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. Allaah, the Most High, says:
“Whoever does a righteous deed, whether male or female, and is a true-Believer, we will give him a good life (by granting him contentment) and we will reward them in the Hereafter in accordance with the best of what they used to do.” [70]
He, the One free of all imperfections, says:
“And whoever turns away from my reminder, then there is for him a life of hardship and wretchedness.” [71]
So if the wife is aware of the greatness of Allaah, the Most High, and His perfect wisdom, and His all-encompassing knowledge, and His extensive mercy, then she will strive to obey Him, the Majestic and Most High, and to be obedient to her husband as He has commanded her. She will hasten to fulfill his rights without hesitation or laziness, and she will not say: ‘why is it the case that the man is in authority over me?!’ ‘why do I have to obey him?!’ ‘why … why?!’
Allaah, the Most High, says:
“It is not for any believing man or woman, when Allaah and His Messenger have decreed any matter that they should have any option in their affair, and whoever disobeys Allaah and His Messenger has strayed in plain error.” [72]
And He, the One free of all imperfections, says:
“So no, by your Lord, they cannot be Believers until they make you, 0 Muhammad, judge in all disputes between them, then they do not find any opposition in themselves against your judgements, and they accept them with full submission.” [73]
And from the means which will help her to attain the attribute of the righteous women is:
• Desire for that which Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, has prepared for the righteous women in Paradise
The comprehensive good and the huge reward which is such as has been seen by no eye, heard by no ear, nor imagined by any human heart.
• Fear of the retribution and Anger of Allaah, the One free of all imperfections and the Most High
Fear of all that He has prepared for the disobedient in the Hereafter with regard to punishment, disgrace, and severe and painful torment, may Allaah save us from that, by His grace and favour.
We have also already brought two chapters: one in encouragement of looking after the rights of the husband, and the other warning against neglecting his rights.
• Seeking the Aid of Allaah, the Most High
Since the attainment of the smallest good is not possible unless Allaah, the Most High, guides and sets one straight. Concerning this Allaah, the Exalted, says:
“Therefore the righteous women are obedient to Allaah and their husbands, and guard that which Allaah has ordered them to guard (their chastity and their husbands property) in the absence of their husbands.” [74]
So the meaning of بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ is:’by Allaah’s guarding and protecting them when they become like that.’ This is what at-Tabaree [75] and a group of the scholars of tafseer said.
• That she keeps company with righteous and pious women, that she listens to them, and seeks to be like them; and that she avoids the company of corrupt women, and avoids sitting with them and listening to them.
Indeed she should beware of observing their making a display of themselves, and showing their nakedness, and their evil manners, whether this is seen by means of television, video or whatever.
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“The example of the righteous companion and the evil companion is like that of a seller of musk and the blacksmiths bellows. From the musk seller you will either buy some musk or at least enjoy its good smell. But the bellows of the blacksmith will either burn your house or your clothes, or at least you will receive a bad smell from it. “ [76]
An-Nawawee said, “It shows the excellence of sitting with the righteous, and the people of good, and those possessing good character and fine manners and piety, and the people of knowledge and refinement; and the forbiddence of sitting with the people of evil, and the people of innovation, and those who backbite the people, or those who are commonly involved in shamelessness and idleness, and such reprehensible folk.” [77]
Ar-Raaghib said, “This hadeeth indicates that it is a duty upon a person to strive to the utmost of his ability to accompany and sit with good people, since this may cause a bad person to become a person of good, just as accompanying evil people may turn a person from good to bad. So just as it is seen that water and air can be corrupted by being next to a rotting corpse, then what do you think will be the effect upon human souls which are such that they accept and take on the good and the evil which they see?!” [78]
Also from that which will make it easier for a woman to attain the attributes of the righteous women: is that she should choose a righteous husband, and the woman should straight away reject any proposal of marriage unless they come from a person who is good in his practice of the Religion and his manners, who is such that he will assist her upon the affairs of the Hereafter.
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“If there comes to you [79] one [80] whose character and Religion are pleasing to you, then marry (her) to him; if you do not do so it will result in tribulation upon the earth and widespread corruption.” [81]
As it is the case that the woman is commanded to be obedient to her husband, and to seek to please him, and to take care of his rights, then it is also the case that the husband is commanded to treat her well, and with kindness, and to have patience with any bad characteristics and the like that may be seen from her. He must give her rights of provision and clothing, and that he lives with her in a good and honourable manner, as Allaah, the Most High, says:
“And live with them in a good manner.” [82]
Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said, “Take care of the women.” [83]
He (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said, “The most complete of the Believers are the best of them in manners, and the best of them are those who are best to their women.” [84]
From Iyaas ibn ‘ Abdullaah ibn Abee Dhubaab, radiyallaahu ‘anhu , who said that the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
”Do not beat the female servants of Allaah. So ‘Umar came to the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) and said: “O Messenger of Allaah! The women have become emboldened towards their husbands. [85] So he gave permission to strike them, so they were struck. Then many women came to the wives of Muhammad (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) (complaining about their husbands), so in the morning he said: Seventy women have this night visited the family of Muhammad, each of them complaining about her husband. So you will not find those [86] [87] men to be the best amongst you.”
This concludes what we wished to draw attention to in this brief treatise, which, if Allaah wills, will be beneficial. “How free and far removed from all imperfections You are, O Allaah, and all praise is for You. I declare You free of all defects and praise You alone. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but You. I seek Your forgiveness and turn in repentance to You.” [88]
[1] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[2] Tafseerul-Qur ‘aanil-Adheem ( 1/194).
[3] Tayseerul-Kareemir-Rahmaan ( 1/344).
[4] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[5] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[6] Mahaasinut-Ta ‘weel (abridged) (5/1 30).
[7] Soorah al-Baqarah (2):228.
[8] Tafseerul-Qur’aanil-Adheem ( 1/271).
[9] Reported by Ibn as-Sunnee in ‘Amalul Yawmwal Laylah and it occurs in Saheehul Jaami’is Sagheer (no. 4565).
[10] They used to sit upon that whilst giving birth – as is mentioned in an-Nihaayah: “Its meaning is an exhortation for the women to be obedient to their husbands, and that it is not for them to refuse them even if they are in that state – so how about at other times? !”
[11] Reported by Ibn Maajah (no. 1853), Ibn Hibbaan (6/1 86 – Ihsaan) and Ahmad (4/381) from ‘Abdullaah ibn Awfaa. Shaykh al-Albaanee declared the chain of narration of Ahmad to be saheeh to the standard of Muslim in as-Saheehah (3/ 202).
[12] Reported by Ahmad (3/159) and others. Its chain of narration is declared to be good by al-Mundhiree in at-Targheeb wat-Tarheeb (3/75), and it occurs in Saheehul Jamni’ (no. 7250).
[13] Al-Bazzaar reports it (no. 1465: al-Kashf) from Aboo Sa’eed al-Khudree, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, with a good chain of narration whose narrators are reliable and famous – as declared by al-Mundhiree in at-Targheeb wat-Tarheeb (3/74). Also reported by Ibn Hibbaan (6/184, Ihsaan), al-Haakim (2/189) and others, and it occurs in Saheehul-Jaami’ (no. 3148).
[14] Translator’s note: i.e. optional fast.
[15] An-Nawawee said (Sharh Saheeh Muslim [7/115]), “Its reason is that the husband has the right to enjoy his wife on all days, and his right is an immediate obligation and not to be denied him due to something optional nor something obligatory which may be performed at any time.”
[16] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/94/no. 123).
[17] Aadaabuz Zifaaf, p.282, Ist. Edition.
[18] Al-Fath (9/296).
[19] Majmoo’ al-Fataawaa (32/274-275).
[20] Reported by al-Bazzaar (al-Kashf, 2/1 80) and others. It occurs in Saheehul Jaami ‘ (no. 5259).
[21] Reported by Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh (6/184 – Ihsaan) and others. Declared saheeh due to witnessing narrations in Aadaabuz Zifaaf, p.286.
[22] Sisilatul Ahaadeethis Saheehah (no. 287).
[23] This contains a warning of the seriousness of their crimes.
[24] i.e. the Sunnah and its people.
[25] The Khaleefah or those in authority on his behalf.
[26] Showing her adornment to strangers in order to commit adultery, or that which leads to it, such as seeing and touching and the like.
[27] Roaming around as she pleases intending evil.
[28] Reported by al-Bukhaaree in al-Adabul Mufrad (no. 590), Ibn Hibbaan (no. 50 of al-Mawaarid) and others. It occurs in as-Saheehah (no. 542).
[29] Due to a valid reason, such as evil manners or disobedience.
[30] Due to something that is blameworthy and censured in the Sharee’ah.
[31] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (no. 360) and others from Aboo Umaamah, radiyallaahu ‘anhu – and it is a saheeh hadeeth as mentioned by Ahmad Shaakir.
[32] Silsilatul Ahaadeethis Saheehah (no. 289).
[33] Saheeh Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/732/no. 3367).
[34] Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/93/no.1 22).
[35] Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/93/no. 12 1).
[36] Saheeh, reported by al-Haakim (2/1 89).
[37] The women of Paradise.
[38] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (no. I 174), Ibn Maajah (no. 2014) and others. It occurs in as –Silsilatus Saheehah (no. 173).
[39] Reported by Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/752/no. 3465), an-Nasaa’ee (6/69) (the wording is his), and others.
[40] Reported by Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh (no. 1232, al-Mawaarid) and others. Its chain of narration is declared saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaanee and to be of the standard of al-Bukhaaree and Muslim in as-Saheehah ( I/509).
[41] Meaning the Saying of Allaah, the Most High, “Those who hoard gold and silver…” Soorah at-Tawbah (9):34.
[42] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (no. 3094), Ibn Maajah (no. 1856), Ahmad (5/282) and others from other than Thawbaan, and the wording of at-Tirmidhee is, “‘If we were to know which wealth to possess?’ So he said, ‘The most excellent of it is a tongue which remembers (Allaah), a heart which is thankful, and a wife who helps him with his eemaan. ‘”
[43] A phrase indicating encouragement and incitement.
[44] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/18/27) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/749/3457).
[45] Fathhul Baaree (91135).
[46] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[47] Tayseerul-Kareemir-Rahmaan (1/344).
[48] Saheeh due to supporting narrations as has preceded.
[49] Reported by al-Haakim (2/189) and others, he declared it saheeh and adh-Dhahabee agreed; and Shaykh al-Albaanee agreed with them in Aadaabuz-Zifaaf (p.285).
[50] A word said to make the camel kneel down
[51] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7 / 111/no. 151) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 3/1 190/no. 5417) and others.
[52] As the Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said in the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage, “…treat your women well,for they are captives with you. ” Reported with this wording by at-Tirmidhee (no. l 163) and he said , “hasan saheeh. ” and Ibn Maajah (no. 185 l). Declared strong by al-Albaanee in Irwaa ‘ul Ghaleel (7/52).
[53] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[54] Majmoo’ al-Fataawaa (abridged) (34/90).
[55] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[56] Reported by Ahmad (6/456) and there are witnessing narrations which raise it to the level of being saheeh or hasan at the very least. These are mentioned by al-Albaanee in Aadaabuz Zifaaf(p.144).
[57] i.e. the husband.
[58] Meaning when he looks at her outer beauty, or at the inner beauty of her good character and how she devotes herself to obedience to Allaah and taqwaa … (As-Sindees commentary on an-Nasaa’ee).
[59] Reported by an-Nasaa’ee (6/68), al-Haakim (2/61) and Ahmad (2/25 1, 432 and 438). Al-Haakim said, “Saheeh to the standard of Muslim” and adh-Dhahabee agreed. Al-‘Iraaqee declared its chain of narration to be saheeh in Takhreejul-Ihyaa’ (2/39) and al-Albaanee declares it hasan in as-Saheehah (4/453).
[60] Reported with this wording by Aboo Daawood (Eng. transl. 2/1007/no. 3540), an-Nasaa’ee (5/65-66) and Ahmad (2.1 79 & 184). Al-Albaanee declares it hasan in as -Saheehah (2/493).
[61] Silsilatul Ahaadeethis Saheehah (2/420).
[62] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/94/no. 123) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/491/no. 2238).
[63] Reported by Aboo Daawood (Eng. transl. 2/600/no. 2218), at-Tirmidhee (no. 1187) who declared it hasan, ad-Daarimee (2/162), Ibn Maajah (no, 2055) and others. AI-Albaanee declares it to be saheeh to the standard of Muslim in al-Irwaa’ (7/100).
[64] Repo1ted by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 1/181/no. 30 I & 2/313/no. 541) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/418/no. 1931) and others.
[65] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 1/29/no.28; 2/91-92/no.16 & 7/95-96/ no.125) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/43 1-432/no.1982) and others.
[66] Silsilatul-Ahaadeethis-Saheehah (no. 289).
[67] Reported by al-Haakim (4/289) and others, and it occurs in Saheehul-Jaami’ (no.2708).
[68] Faydul-Qadeer (3/1 47).
[69] pp. 188-190, abridged.
[70] Soorah an-Nahl ( 16):97.
[71] Soorah Taa Haa (20): 124.
[72 Soorah al-Ahzaab (33):36.
[73] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):65.
[74] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4):34.
[75] Jaami’ul-Bayaan (5/39).
[76]Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 3/179/no.314; and 7/315/no.442) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 4/1383/no.6361) and others.
[77] Sharh Muslim (16/178).
[78]Quoted in Faydul-Qadeer (5/507).
[79]i.e. to the guardians of marriageable women.
[80] i.e. one asking for the girls hand in marriage.
[81] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (no. 1084), Ibn Maajah (no. 1967) and others, from Aboo Hurayrah, radi yallaahu ‘anhu. Shaykh al-Albaanee declares it hasan due to supports in as-Saheehah (3/20).
[82] Soorah an-Nisaa’ (4): 19.
[83] Part of a hadeeth reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. transl. 7/8 l/no. 114) and Muslim (Eng. transl. 2/752/no.3468) and others.
[84] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (no.1162), and he said: “Hasan Saheeh “, and Ahmad (2/250 &472) and others from Aboo Hurayrah, radiy Allaahu ‘anhu, and al-Albaanee declared it hasan in Aadaabuz-Zifaaf(p.281).
[85] i.e. become bold and disobedient, and this is to be rectified by admonition, then if necessary by abandoning them in their beds, then if necessary by striking them lightly, not in the opposite order as is done by some husbands [and see Aayah 34 of Sooratun-Nisaa].
[86] i.e. those men who beat their wives severely and frequently.
[87] Reported by Aboo Daawood (Eng. transl. 2/575/no.2141), Ibn Maajah and others. al-Albaanee said of it in Saheeh Ibn Maajah: “Hasan Saheeh”.
[88] Reported by al-Haakim ( I/537) and others from Jubayr ibn Mut’im, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said that Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم) said,
“Whoever says, ‘How free and far removed from all imperfections You are, 0 Allaah, and all praise is for You. I declare You free of all defects and praise You alone. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but You. I seek Your forgiveness and turn in repentance to You’, saying it in a sitting of remembrance (of Allaah), then it will be like a seal upon it, and whoever says it in a sitting of loose talk, then it will be an expiation for it. ”
AI-Haakim said: “Saheeh to the standard of Muslim” and adh-Dhahabee agreed, and al-Albaanee agreed in Silsilatul-Ahaadeethis-Saheehah (no.8 1).
Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 55, Number 583:
.. After Ishmael’s mother had died, Abraham came after Ishmael’s marriage in order to see his family that he had left before, but he did not find Ishmael there. When he asked Ishmael’s wife about him, she replied, ‘He has gone in search of our livelihood.’ Then he asked her about their way of living and their condition, and she replied, ‘We are living in misery; we are living in hardship and destitution,’ complaining to him. He said, ‘When your husband returns, convey my salutation to him and tell him to change the threshold of the gate (of his house).’ When Ishmael came, he seemed to have felt something unusual, so he asked his wife, ‘Has anyone visited you?’ She replied, ‘Yes, an old man of so-and-so description came and asked me about you and I informed him, and he asked about our state of living, and I told him that we were living in a hardship and poverty.’ On that Ishmael said, ‘Did he advise you anything?’ She replied, ‘Yes, he told me to convey his salutation to you and to tell you to change the threshold of your gate.’ Ishmael said, ‘It was my father, and he has ordered me to divorce you. Go back to your family.’ So, Ishmael divorced her and married another woman from amongst them (i.e. Jurhum).
Then Abraham stayed away from them for a period as long as Allah wished and called on them again but did not find Ishmael. So he came to Ishmael’s wife and asked her about Ishmael. She said, ‘He has gone in search of our livelihood.’ Abraham asked her, ‘How are you getting on?’ asking her about their sustenance and living. She replied, ‘We are prosperous and well-off (i.e. we have everything in abundance).’ Then she thanked Allah’ Abraham said, ‘What kind of food do you eat?’ She said. ‘Meat.’ He said, ‘What do you drink?’ She said, ‘Water.” He said, “O Allah! Bless their meat and water.” The Prophet added, “At that time they did not have grain, and if they had grain, he would have also invoked Allah to bless it.” The Prophet added, “If somebody has only these two things as his sustenance, his health and disposition will be badly affected, unless he lives in Mecca.” The Prophet added,” Then Abraham said Ishmael’s wife, “When your husband comes, give my regards to him and tell him that he should keep firm the threshold of his gate.’ When Ishmael came back, he asked his wife, ‘Did anyone call on you?’ She replied, ‘Yes, a good-looking old man came to me,’ so she praised him and added. ‘He asked about you, and I informed him, and he asked about our livelihood and I told him that we were in a good condition.’ Ishmael asked her, ‘Did he give you any piece of advice?’ She said, ‘Yes, he told me to give his regards to you and ordered that you should keep firm the threshold of your gate.’ On that Ishmael said, ‘It was my father, and you are the threshold (of the gate). He has ordered me to keep you with me.’ [https://abdurrahman.org/2009/07/23/the-mother-of-ishmael/]
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Posted from: Fasting – 15 Women Issues FAQ – Dr. Saleh as Saleh
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INTRODUCTION
ALL praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, the Most Merciful, the Beneficent, and the Master of the Day of Judgment. O Allah! Have Your Salat (1) and Salam (peace) and blessing upon Your slave and Messenger Muhammad and upon all of his companions.
Extraordinary consideration has been given by the Islamic Law to women’s affairs, all meant to protect her chastity, to honor her and to secure her position in life. The so called “restrictions” placed upon her regarding her dress and the display of her beauty and ornament is only to guard against all ways of corruption arising from such dazzling displays. What Islam has established is not a restriction on the freedom of women but is a firm protection for her from falling down to the lowest levels of humiliation.
One of the means of this protection is the HIJAB. The characteristics of the Hijab are discussed, bringing the glad tidings promised (by Allah) to those women adhering to it. We also point out the danger of dazzling displays of ornaments and beauty as well as the terrible repercussions in this life and in the hereafter for those who practice Tabar’ruj (display of beauty).
It comes at a time when more women are throwing away their revealing clothes, and wearing the Hijab. This comes at a time when Muslim women wearing Hijab are attacked in “civilized” Europe (2)! and inFrance (3) Muslim women are prevented from wearing the head scarf / Hijab at school. These are times of trials for Muslims and particularly for Muslim women. We all have to remember the path of the Prophets: endurance, patience, holding on, and aiming high by keeping the way of Allah above everything.
(1) The Salat of Allah upon prophet Muhammad is His Praise and mentioning of the Prophet to the angels in the Most High place in Paradise
(2) Bosnia is a testimony against the “civility” of Europe and the West. Civility stops at the word: Muslim or Islam!
(3) The country that raises the banner of: equality, brotherhood, and freedom.!!!
(1) AN ACT OF OBEDIENCE
The Hijab is an act of obedience to Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) (4) and to His Messenger Muhammad (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم (5)
He (سبحانه و تعالى) says:
“It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decreed a matter that they should have an option in their decision. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, has indeed strayed in a plain error.” (Qur’an 33:36)
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) also says:
“But no by your Lord, they can have no Faith, until they make you (Muhammad (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) a judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission.” (Qur’an 4:65)
Indeed,, Allah ordered that women must put on the Hijab (6).
He (سبحانه و تعالى) says:
“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze (from looking at forbidden things) and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual acts, etc.) and not to show off their adornment except what must (ordinarily) appear thereof, that they should draw their veils over their Juyubihinna (7).” (Qur’an 24:31).
Allah considered the dazzling display of beauty an act of ignorance:
“And stay in your houses and do not display yourselves like that of the times of Jahiliyeeyah(8) (ignorance). “ (Qur’an 33:33)
He, Most Glorified, says:
“And when you ask the Prophet’s wives for anything you want, ask them from behind a screen.” (Qur’an 33:53)
The above Ayah (verse) does not apply only to the Prophet’s wives but to all of the believing women. Carefully read the following saying of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى):
O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies (i.e. screen themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see the way). That will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so as not to be annoyed. (9) (Qur’an 33:59)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The woman (i.e. any woman) is A’wrah (10)”, that is she must be covered.
(4) Subhanahu Wata’ala, Most Glorified and Most High is He.
(5) صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم: Salla Allahu Alaihi Wassalam: May the Salat and Salaam (Peace) of Allah be upon His Prophet Muhammad
(6)This is not something cultural. It is Allah’s order. Its conditions are not Arabian, Egyptian, Pakistani, Black or White American, etc. Its conditions are specified in the Qur’an and Sunnah to provide a protection and safeguarding of women. No one knows about what is good for men and women more than their Creator, Allah. His laws are Wise as it is the case with all of His actions.
(7) Juyubihinna: The respected scholars from As-Salaf As-Saleh (righteous predecessors) differed whether the veil cover of the body must include the hands and face or not. Today, respected scholars say that the hands and face must be covered. Other respected scholars say it is preferable for women to cover their whole bodies.
(8) Jahilyeeyah: The days of ignorance prior to the Revelation of the Qur’an.
(9) No one can ignore the molestation of women that exists in the so called “open” societies. The question is: why it is happening? The answer begins to shape up when people think about the purpose behind creation. Allah created us for the single purpose of worshipping Him alone. He detailed all the ways to fulfill this purpose in the Last Revelation to all mankind, the Qur’an. In it we can find how women and men can safeguard their dignity, honor, and morality. The worship of Allah is manifested in the following of His orders. Allah orders that men and women must avoid all the roads that lead to animalistic ways of living. The Hijab is one of Allah’s commands. It is an honor and protection for women as well as a true freedom for her body from the hands and eyes of aggressors and molesters.
(10) This hadeeth is narrated by Abdullah bin Masoud and collected by At-Tirmidhi who said it is Hassan-Ghareeb i.e. good and Ghareeb (The Ghareeb is a narration by one narrator either in each level of the levels of the chain of narrators or in some levels of the chain). Also As-Suyouti hinted that it is authentic.
(2) THE HIJAB IS IFFAH (MODESTY):
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) made the adherence to the Hijab a manifestation for chastity and modesty:
O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies (i.e. screen themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see the way). That will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so as not to be annoyed. (Qur’an 33:59)
In the above Ayah there is an evidence that the recognition of the apparent beauty of the woman is harmful to her. When the cause of attraction ends, the restriction is removed. This is illustrated in the case of elderly women who may have lost every aspect of attraction. Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) made it permissible for them to lay aside their outer garments and expose their faces and hands reminding, however, that it is still better for them to keep their modesty:
“And as for women past child-bearing who do not expect wed-lock, it is no sin for them if they discard their (outer) in such a way as not to show their adornment; but it is best to be modest and Allah knows and sees all things provided they do not make a display of their beauty; but it is best to be modest and Allah knows and sees all things.” (Qur’an 24:60)
So how about young women? Clearly they must stay modest find not display their beauty.
(3) THE HIJAB IS TAHARA (PURITY)
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) had shown us the Hikma (Wisdom) behind the legislation of the Hijab:
“And when you ask them (the Prophet’s wives) for anything you want, ask them from behind a screen, that is purer for your hearts and their hearts.” (Qur’an 33:53)
The Hijab makes for greater purity for the hearts of believing men and women because it screens against the desire of the heart. Without the Hijab, the heart may or may not desire. That is why the heart is more pure when the sight is blocked (by Hijab) and thus the prevention of fitna (evil actions) is very much manifested. The Hijab cuts off the ill thoughts and the greed of the sick hearts:
“Be not soft in speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease (of hypocrisy or evil desire for adultery, etc.) should be moved with desire, but speak in an honorable manner.” (Qur’an 33:32)
(4) THE HIJAB IS A SHIELD
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Allah, Most High, is Ha’yeii (11), Sit’teer (12), He loves Haya’ (Bashfulness) and Sitr (Shielding; Covering)”(13).
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) also said:
“Any woman who takes off her clothes in other than her husband’s home (to show off for unlawful purposes). has broken Allah’s shield upon her” (14)
The hadeeth demonstrates that depending upon the kind of action committed there will be either reward (if good) or punishment (if bad).
(11) Ha’yeii: Allah is Bashful: He does not unravel the acts of disobedience by His slaves. They openly disobey Allah while they are in need of Him, yet He (being Ha’yeii) is ashamed of humiliating them leaving the door of repentance opened for them. If, however, they become arrogant and persist on the spread of evil, and disobedience, Allah certainly is All-Just in His infliction of punishment.
(12) Sit’teer: Allah is Sit’teer: He provides means that shield against the uncovering of disobedient acts. The slaves commit acts of disobedience while Allah is providing them with many of His favors. He (سبحانه و تعالى) gives the opportunity for each one of us to return to Him in repentance and to seek His forgiveness. He loves those who do not like the spread of sin. He dislikes the Muslim who publicizes his acts of sin and disobedience. He loves the Muslim who does not unravel the sins of his brother in Islam while at the same time calls him to repent. The Hijab is something beloved by Allaah because it is a shield against the spread of evil manifested in the display of beauty to strangers.
(l3) Collected by Abu Dawoud, An-Nissa’ee, AI-Baihaqee, Ahmed, and in Saheeh An-Nissa’ee.
(14) Collected by Abu Dawoud and At-Tirmidhi who said: it is a good hadeeth” .
(5) THE HIJAB IS TAQWAH (RIGHTEOUSNESS)
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) says:
“O Children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts, etc.) and as an adornment. But the raiment of righteousness, that is better.” (Qur’an 7:26)
The widespread forms of dresses in the world today are mostly for show off and hardly taken as a cover and shield of the woman’s body. To the believing women, however, the purpose is to safeguard their bodies and cover their private parts as a manifestation of the order of Allah. It is an act of Taqwah (righteousness ).
(6) THE HIJAB IS EEMAN(BELIEF OR FAITH)
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) did not address His Words about the Hijab except to the believing women, Al-Mu’minat:
“And say (O Muhammad (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) to the believing women.” (Qur’an 24: 31)
In another Ayah Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) also says:
“And the believing women” (Qur’an 33: 59).
A’isha (Radiya Allahu anha)(15)) the wife of the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم), addressed some women from the tribe of Banu Tameem who came visiting her and had light clothes on them:
“If indeed you are believing women, then truly this is not the dress of the believing women, and if you are not believing women, then enjoy it.”(16)
(15) Radiya Allahu anhu (anha or anhum): May Allah be pleased with him (her or them)
(16) Reported in “Ma’alim As-Sunnan” by Abu Suleiman Al-Khitabi in his explanation of Sunnan An-Nissa’ee V 4, p.376
(7) THE HIJAB IS HAYA‘ (BASHFULNESS)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Each religion has a morality and the morality of Islam is haya’ (bashfulness).” (17)
He (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) also said:
“Bashfulness is from belief and belief is in Al-Jannah (Paradise).”(18)
Furthermore, he (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Bashfulness and belief are fully associated together if one is lifted the other follows suit.” (19)
The mother of the believers, A’isha said: “I used to enter the room where the Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) and my father were later buried in without having my garment on me, saying it is only my husband and my father”. But when Umar (radi Allaahu anhu) was later buried in (the same place), I did not enter the room except that I had my garment on being shy from Umar (radi Allaahu anhu).”(20) The Hijab fits the natural bashfulness which is a part of the nature of women.
(17) Related by Imam Malik in his “Mu’wata” (2: 905-Arabic). The hadeeth chain is Mursal i.e. the chain of narrators is disconnected at one point or another. For example to say: “On the authority of A, on the authority of B, on the authority of C that the Prophet said “….” . The hadeeth is Mursal if for example C did not hear directly from the Prophet. In the case of the above hadeeth, Ibin Habban connected the chain by two ways of narrators, both of them are weak.
(18) collected by At-Tirmidhi who said it is: “a good and authentic hadeeth”.
(19) Narrated by Abdul’lah bin Umar as Related by Al-Hakim in his “Mustadrak” (1/22-Arabic) who said: “it is a good and authentic Hadeeth…..” and Al-Thahabi confirmed Al-Hakim on this.
(20) As-Simt Ath’ameeen Fee Maniqib Ummahat Ul-Mu’mineen, p.91:A Book by Ibn As-Sakir that represents a collection of the great attributes of the Mothers of Believers (The wives of the Prophet-صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم). AlHakim reported a similar narration and said that it is “good according to the conditions of Imam Bukhari and Imam Mulslim”, noting that both Imams did not discuss the chain of narration itself. Al- Thahabi had no comment about Al-Hakim’s narration.
(8) THE HIJAB IS GHEERAH
The Hijab fits the natural feeling of Gheerah which is intrinsic in the straight man who does not like people to look at his wife or daughters. Gheerah is a driving emotion that drives the straight man to safeguard women who are related to him from strangers. The straight Muslim man has Gheerah for all Muslim women. Many in the world had lost this great moral aspect. In response to lust and desire men look (with desire) at other women while they do not mind that other men do the same to their wives or daughters! In “free” societies you see men sitting with strange women who are half-naked “enjoying” the scene! They introduce their wives to other strange men. Mutual looks here and there! Affairs develop and phone calls are exchanged. “Love affairs” destroys many families and children suffer most. What kind of “love” is this? The mixing of sexes and absence of Hijab kills the Gheerah in men. The eyes “eat up” other men and women! The inner “justification” is: since I can look they can look. It’s a ” free choice”!! Few are those who feel anything when they discover their wives have “affairs”. They become numb!! No dignity ! No honor! The bottom line is that in many societies of this modern World the animalistic behaviors are becoming very apparent.
Ali (radi Allaahu anhu) said: “It was related to me that you women used to crowd the Kuffar (disbelieving men) from the non-Arabs in the markets; don’t you have Gheerah? There is no good in the one who does not have Gheerah.”
Islam considers Gheerah an integral part of faith .The dignity of the wife or daughter or any other Muslim woman must be highly respected and defended.
Source: Posted from the e-Book: The Hijab .. Why? by Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ismail Al-Mokadam| Dr. Saleh As-Saleh [PDF] & Audio Series
Related Link: https://abdurrahman.org/women
(1) COVERING ALL OF THE BODY
This respected author is in agreement with the position that the face and hands of the woman must be covered as he has detailed this in discussions of the Hijab issues in his book: “The Return of the Hijab, Part 3”. Some scholars say it is permissible to uncover the face and the hands of the woman as long as there is no fitna (infatuation) caused by her or inflicted upon her. They see that if: a) she is beautiful and beautifies her face and hands with external substances, and b) the society around her is corrupt where men do not lower their gaze, then it is prohibited for her to uncover her face and hands.
(2) THE HIJAB MUST NOT BE A DISPLAY
The Hijab itself must not be a display. Allah ordained it so as to cover the beauty of women and not for show off. He (سبحانه و تعالى) says:
“And not to show of their adornment except only that which is apparent.” (Qur’an 24: 31)
“And stay in your houses and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance.” (Qur’an 33:33)
It is not logical that the Hijab itself be a source of display.(41)
(41) Some women put on attractive covers on their heads. This is against the purity of the Hijab and its essence.
(3) THE HIJAB MUST NOT BE TRANSPARENT
The purpose must be achieved. In order for the Hijab to be a cover, it must not be made of transparent material making the woman covered only by name(!) while in reality she is naked.
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“In the latest part of my Ummah (nation of Muslims) there shall be women who would be naked in spite of being dressed, they have hair high like the humps of the Bukht camel, curse them, for they are cursed”(42).
He (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) added in another hadeeth:
“They will not enter Al-Jannah and would not perceive its odor, although its fragrance can be perceived from such and such distance.(43)
This indicates that a woman could cause herself a grave and destructive sin if she puts on a garment that is thin and transparent and which clearly shapes her body’s features.
(42) At-Tabarani reported it and Al-Albani in his book “Al-Hijab” said it is authentic.
(43) At-Tabarani related this hadeeth in “Al-Mu’jam As-Sagheer” p.232 and Al-Albani said it Saheeh as in his book “The Hijab” p.56. As-Suyouti related on behalf of Ibin Abdul’Barr that: “The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) intended women who put on light clothes that shows off and shapes the body descriptions. In reality they are naked although they have clothes on them! “.
(4) HIJAB MUST BE ROOMY, FLOWING AND NOT TIGHT
The Hijab is a safeguard against Fitna. If tight, it will be descriptive of the woman’s body and this violates the purpose of Hijab.
Usaama Bin Zaid (رضي الله عنه) said:
“The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) dressed me with a thick Qubtyeeyah (cotton dress from Egypt) which was a gift that he received from Duhia Al-Kalbi. So I gave it to my wife to wear. He (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said : “What made you not to wear the Qubtyeeyah?” I said: “I dressed my wife with it. ” He (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said: ” Order her to put an undergarment (or gown) under it, because I am afraid it may describe the size of her bones.(44)
(44) Reported by Ad’Diya’ Al-Maqdissi, Imam Ahmed, At-Tabarani, AlBaihaqi, and Ibn Sa’d. It is also reported that Al-Haithami said: “amongst the chain of narrators is Abdullah Ibn Aqeel whose narrations are good; yet according to some scholars there is Da’eef (weakness) associated with him, and that the rest of narrators are Thuqat (men of confidence regarding reporting). Ad-Dahabi said: ” the level of Abdullah Ibn Aqeel’s narration is not below the rating of “good” (In Meezan AlI’tidal: Measure of Balanced (verifications); Arabic).
(5) THE HIJAB MUST NOT BE PERFUMED WITH INCENSE
The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Any woman who perfumes herself and passes by some people that they smell her scent, then she is a Zaniyah (prostitute).”(45)
(45) Related by Imam Ahmed, An-Nissa’ee, and Al-Hakim who said: “it has an authentic chain of narration” and Ad-Dahabi agreed.
(6) THE HIJAB SHOULD NOT RESEMBLE MEN’S DRESS
The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Women who assume the manners of men are not from us and also those of men who assume the manners of women.”(46)
Abu-Huraira (رضي الله عنه) narrated that:
“The prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) cursed the man who wears the dress of a woman and the woman who wears the dress of a man.” (47)
(46) Reported by Imam Ahmed and Abu Na’eem. Al-Albani authenticated it in his book “Al-Hijab” (PP 66-67).
(47) Related by An-Nissa’ee, Imam Ahmed, Ibn Khuzayemah, Ibn Hab’ban and authenticated by the scholar Ahmed Shakir.
(7) THE HIJAB MUST NOT RESEMBLE THE GARMENTS OF THE KUFFAR
The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The one who takes the similitude (manner) of a certain people becomes one of them.” (49)
Abdullah bin Umar (رضي الله عنه) said:
“The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) saw me wearing two clothes dyed in saffron, whereupon he said: these are the clothes (usually worn) by the Kuffar, so do not wear them.” (50)
(49) Related by Abu Dawoud, Ahmed (as part of a another hadeeth), Ibn Taymeeyah said that the hadeeth has a good chain of narration (i.e. that reported by Abu Dawoud) and that it is a “good hadeeth”; As-Suyouti said :”it is “Hassan: Good” and Ibn Hajar reported it in “Fath Al-Bari” and supported it with another evidence (a Murssal) with a good chain of narration.
(50) Saheeh Muslim, V. 3, hadeeth # 5173
(8) THE HIJAB IS NOT FOR FAME!
The Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The one who wears a garment designed for a worldly fame, Allah will make him wear a garment of humiliation on the Day of Resurrection then he will be set ablaze.” (51)
The garment of fame is any garment a person wears to make him/her look famous. This applies whether the garment is highly precious and shows admiration to the life of this world or if it is chosen of a low quality to show lack of interest to this worldly life. The person may put on clothes with distinct colors so as to draw attention, act proudly and/or arrogantly.
(51) Related by Abu Dawoud, Ibn Majah, and Al-Munthari said that it is hassan (good) as well as Ibn Muflih. Imam As-Shawkani said: “The narrators of the chain are Thuqat” and Al-Alabni reported in his book “Al-Hijab” p. 110 that it is hassan .
(9) WATCH FOR “CONCEALED” WAYS OF DISPLAY
Examining the various conditions about the Hijab one can clearly recognize that many of the young Muslim women are not fulfilling these conditions. They consider what they put on now, wrongly as “Hijab”
The enemies of the Islamic revival wanted to destroy it in its infancy by oppression and cruelty. Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) defeated their plots and held the believing men and women steadfast in their obedience of Him (سبحانه و تعالى). The enemies of Islam realized that they should deal with the Islamic revival in a wicked way in order to sway this revival away from its course towards Allah.
They started to spread innovated forms of “Hijab” as a “midway” solution by which the Muslim woman can “please” Allah (they claim so!) and at the same time “accommodate” her society and preserve her “beauty” and “glamour”.
The modern “boutique” stores were declining in their trade due to the widespread use of the true Islamic Hijab. Suddenly, the markets were flooded with altered forms of Tabar’ruj under the name ‘modern/contemporary Hijab’. In the beginning this was protested and women were cautious. A group of “displaying women” who were embarrassed with the Islamic Hijab rushed towards the “contemporary Hijab” to “relief’ themselves from the pressing social realities caused by the spread of Hijab. With time the phenomenon of “concealed display” became widespread and known as “contemporary Hijab”. Women friendly to this course think they are the best of girls and best of wives while in fact they are as one poet said:
If they relate to the Hijab
It is the relation of an intruder
So! O women of this kind be mindful to Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) and His Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) and do not be deceived by those who may “bless” this action of yours and conceal their true intentions. Do not be deceived and let your response be: ” I am better than those who are in a complete state of display!” There is no excuse to follow the evil. Know that the fire of Hell has different lower levels while Paradise has different higher levels. So it is proper to follow your sisters who truly adhere to the Islamic Hijab and its conditions. Aim high towards the highest levels of Al-Jannah.
It has been related that the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Look at those who stand at lower levels than you (regarding worldly wealth) and those who stand at higher levels than you in religion (adherence to faith). for this would not make the favors (conferred upon you by Allah) insignificant (in your eyes).” (52)
Az-Zohri reported (53) that Ummar Ibn Al-Khatab (رضي الله عنه) recited the saying of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى):
“Verily those who say: “Our Lord is Allah (Alone), and then they stood straight (i.e. they believed in the Oneness of Allah and worshipped none but Him (Alone) and obeyed Him for all that He ordered them) on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying); “Fear you not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Al-Jannah which you have been Promised!) (Qur’an 41:30).
He then said:
“They, by Allah, followed the straight path of Allah by obeying Him and did not dodge like wolves.”
Al-Hassan Al Basri, may Allah’s Mercy be upon him, said:
“If Shaytan (Devil) looks and finds you continuously adhering to the obedience of Allah he will seek you (i.e. check you) one time after the other. If he finds that you are still holding, he becomes weary of you and rejects you. But if you adhere one time and you do not another, then he becomes covetous: he wants to have you for himself.” (54)
So come on to a straight path that has no crookedness and a guidance that has no misleading ways in it, and to an honest repentance that has no disobedience in it:
“And turn you all together to Allah (and beg Him) to forgive you all, O believers, that you may be successful.” (Qur’an 24:31)
(52) The origin of this hadeeth was reported in Saheeh Al-Bukhari in the Book of Riqaq and Muslim in the Book of Az-Zuhd V.4, hadeeth # 7070, P 1530, and At-Tirmidhi in the Book of Qiyamah.
(53) Reported by Imam Ahmed and Ibn Al-Mubarak. Imam Ahmed reported it in the Book of Az-Zuhd p. 115 and 110, respectively.
(54) Reported by Ibn Al-Mubarak in his book “Az-Zuhd” p. 7 # 20
THE HONEST MUSLIM receives the order of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) and hastens to manifest his love to Islam into action and listens to and obeys the Sunnah of the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم). He does not give attention to the lost and misleading ways of the masses of human beings who do not realize their awaiting destiny. Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) negated the existence of belief in those who turn away from Him and from His Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) saying:
“They (hypocrites) say: “We have believed in Allah and in the Messenger (Muhammad-صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم), and we obey”, then a party of them turn away thereafter, such are not believers. And when they are called to Allah (i.e. His Words-the Qur’an) and His Messenger to judge between them, lo! a party of them refuse to come and turn away.” (Qur’an 24: 47-48 )
On the other hand:
“The saying of the faithful believers when they are called to Allah (His Words-the Qur’an) and His Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) to judge between them is only that they say: ‘We hear and we obey.’ And such are the successful (who will live for ever in Al-Jannah).” (Qur’an 24: 51-52)
Safiyyah, the daughter of Shayebah, said:
“While we were at A’isha’s (radi Allahu anha) we mentioned the women of Qureish and their good favors, then A’isha said: “indeed the women of Qureish have a good favor and by Allah I have not seen better than the women of Al-Ansar in their strength of acceptance of the Book of Allah and in the belief in the Revelation: At the time when Surat An-Nur was sent down (and in it Allah says): “Let them (believing women) draw their veils over Juyubihinna.” soon their husbands turned to them reciting what Allah had sent down to them (i.e. the above Ayah), the man recites to his wife, his daughter, his sister and to every female relative. Not a single woman of them except that she took up her engraved Mirt (55) (wrapper) and covered her head and face in acceptance and belief in what Allah had sent down from His Book. The next morning they were behind the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم), covered as if black crows were on top of their heads.” (56)
Therefore, there is no choice but to submit the order of Allah and no hesitation should exist in following the ruling of Allah. So come for repentance, O My Muslim Sister, and watch for words like “I will repent, I will pray, I will cover with Hijab“, because delaying the repentance is a sin that you must repent from! Say as Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) said on the tongue of Moosa (May Allah’s peace be upon him) :
“I HASTENED TO YOU, O MY LORD, TO PLEASE YOU” (Qur’an 20:84)
And say as the believing men and women said:
“WE HEAR AND WE OBEY. (WE SEEK) YOUR FORGIVENESS, OUR LORD, AND TO YOU IS THE RETURN” (Qur’an 2: 285)
(55) With pictures of houses and dwellings.
(56) Reported in The Tafseer of Al-Qur’an Al-Ath’eem by Ibn Katheer 5:90 (Arabic)
Source: Posted from the e-Book: The Hijab .. Why? by Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ismail AL-Mokadam| Dr. Saleh As-Saleh [PDF] & Audio Series
Related Link: https://abdurrahman.org/women
Sharh as-Sunnah : Lesson 78 : Points 133
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]
Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:
Whichever woman gives herself away in marriage to a man, then she will not be permissible for him. They are both to be punished if he has violated her, unless the marriage is performed with a guardian (walee), two just witnesses and a dower (sadaaq) [1].
NOTES
[1] The Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) said,
“ There is no marriage without a guardian (walee).”
[Reported by Ahmad, Abu Daawood (Eng. trans. 2/558/no.2080) and at-Tirmidhee.]
Ibn ‘Abaas (radiallaahu anhu) said,
“There is no marriage except with a guardian advising and two just witnesses.”
[Reported by al-Baihaqee, ash-Shaafi’ee in his Musnad and al-Baghaawee in Sharhus-Sunnah (9/45).]
—
Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah
Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah
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THE DISGRACE OF TABARRUJ [21] (DISPLAY OF WOMAN’S CHARM)
(1) TABARRUJ IS A DISOBEDIENCE TO ALLAH & HIS MESSENGER
The one who disobeys Allah and his Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) can only harm himself and cannot in any way harm Allah. The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“All of my followers will enter Al-Jannah except those who refuse.” They said, “O Allah’s Messenger! Who will refuse? ” He said, “Whoever obeys me will enter Al-Jannah, and whoever disobeys me is the one who refuses (to enter it).” (21)
It is reported that Mu’awiyah (رضي الله عنه) gave a sermon in Humss (Syria) and mentioned that the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) prohibited seven things and that he (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) named Tabarruj as one of them (22).
Abdullah bin Mas’oud (رضي الله عنه) reported that the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) “Used to dislike ten kinds of behavior and he (Abdullah) mentioned amongst them: “Tabarruj by means of displaying beautification in an improper place.”(23). Imam As- Suyouti, may Allah’s mercy be upon him, said: “Tabarruj by displaying beautification is showing off to strangers and this is disliked. This is the explanation of “an improper place.” It is not so if the beautification is done for the husband.
(21) Saheeh Al-Bukhari (English-Arabic, Dar Al-Arabia, Publ. Beirut,Lebanon), V.9, hadeeth # 384, p.284
(22) Related by Imam Ahmed in his Mussnad 4/101-Arabic.
(23) Related by An-Nissa’ee in his ” Sunan “Arabic 8/141.
(2) TABARRUJ IS A GRAVE DESTRUCTIVE SIN
Umay’mah, the daughter of Ruqay’ah came to the Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) to acknowledge the message of Islam and that he (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) is the Messenger of Allah. The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) told her:
“I give my acknowledgment that you must not set partners to worship besides Allah and that you don’t steal or commit fornication and adultery, that you don’t kill your child, that you don’t commit any falsehood before your hands and between your legs, that you don’t wail, and that you don’t make Tabarruj like that of Jaahiliyyah“ (24).
It is clear that the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) associated Tabarruj with grave destructive sins.
(24) Related by Imam Ahmed in his “Mussnad” 2/196. The scholar Ahmed Shaker, may Allah’s Mercy be upon him, said : “Its chain of narration is good”. He also said that Ibn Katheer in his “Tafseer :Explanation of the Qur’an 8: 327-328″ mentioned this hadeeth saying, “its chain of narration is good” and he related it to At-Tirmidhi, An-Nissa’ee and Ibin Majah.
(3) TABARRUJ BRINGS THE CURSE AND EXPULSION FROM THE MERCY OF ALLAH
The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“There shall be, in the latter part of my nation, women who are dressed but (in fact) naked, on their heads are humps like those of Bukht (one kind of camel), curse them for they are surely cursed.”(25)
(25) At-Tabarani related this hadeeth in “Al-Mu’jam As-Sagheer” p.232 and Al-Albani said it Saheeh as in his book “The Hijab” p.56. As-Suyouti related on behalf of Ibn Abdul’Barr that: “The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) intended women who put on light clothes that shows off and shapes the body descriptions. In reality they are naked although they have clothes on them! “.
(4) TABARRUJ IS AN ATTRIBUTE OF THE PEOPLE OF HELL
The Messenger of Allah (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Of the people of Hell there are two types whom I have never seen, the one possessing whips like the tail of an ox and they flog people with them. The second one, women who would be naked in spite of their being dressed, who are seduced (to wrong paths) and seduce others with their hair high like humps. These women would not get into Al-Jannah and they would not perceive its odor, although its fragrance can be perceived from such and such distance.” (26)
(26) Saheeh Muslim (English-Arabic, Published by Dar Al-Arabia, Beirut. Lebanon) V. 4 hadeeth # 6840 p. 1486.
(5) TABARRUJ IS DARKNESS ON THE DAY OF RESURRECTION
It is related that the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The parable of a woman who moves with slow sweeping motion, trailing her beautified clothes, performing not for her husband, is like darkness on the Day of Judgment; she has (or comes with) no light” (27)
(27) Related by Imam At-Tirmidhi in his “Sunan” # 1167. Al-Albani said it is a weak hadeeth (See Al-Albani’s collection “Ad-Da’eefah” (Collection of Weak Hadeeths) # 1800. Abu Bakr Bin Arabi, may Allah’s Mercy be upon him, said: “At-Tirmidhi related this hadeeth and said it is weak but its meaning is correct because the “enjoyment” in disobedience is in fact torture and suffering……”. The meaning indicates that this type of women will come on the Day of Judgment Blackened in darkness as if she physically originated from darkness. In contrast, what appears to be difficult and painful in performance of obedient acts, is a true enjoyment because of the reward awaiting those who obey Allah and His Messenger e.g. the odor of the mouth of a fasting Muslim may not be pleasant in this world. To Allah, however, it is better than the odor of Musk because the Muslim had obeyed Allah and performed what is due upon him from fasting. Similarly the woman wearing her Hijab may be looked upon as “reactionary, old fashioned, a walking tent! etc.” She is the winner on the Day of Judgment and those who mock her put themselves on a dangerous road. They may be subjected to the wrath of Allah.
(6) TABARRUJ IS NIFAQ (HYPOCRISY)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The best of your women is the affectionate , the fertile (in productivity), the propitious (favorable), the consultative if they fear Allah. The Most evil of your women are the Mutabar’rijat (those who do Tabarruj), the Mutakhayelat (who strut/swagger), and they are the hypocrite ones. Those who enter Al-Jannah are like the Cough Crow.” (28)
The Cough Crow has a red beak and red legs. This is an expression of metonymy indicating that few women enter Heaven because this kind of crow is rare.
(28) Reported by Al-Baihaqi in “As-Sunan” V.7 p.82. Also reported by Abu Na’eem in “Al-Hiliyah” V. 8, p. 376 with a reference to Abdullah bin Masoud (رضي الله عنه) as the narrator. See also Al-Albani’s “Chain of Authentic Hadeeths – Arabic” # 1849 and 632.
(7) TABARRUJ IS DISGRACEFUL
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Any woman who takes off her clothes in other than her husbands home (to show off for an unlawful purpose), has broken the shield between her and Allah.” (29)
Imam Al- Man’nawi, may Allah have Mercy upon him, said: “The saying of the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) ‘ any woman who takes off her clothes in other than her husbands home’ means showing off her beauty to strangers by taking off her shield of clothes. She “has broken the shield between her and Allah” because Allah had said:
“O children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts etc.) and as an adornment. But the raiment of righteousness, that is better.”(Qur’an 7:26)
So if a woman does not fear Allah and uncover her private parts then she is breaking the shield between her and Allah, Most High. And because she uncovered and dishonored herself and committed a treason with her husband, Allah will uncover her shield, she will be in a scandal… “
(29) Related by Imam Ahmed and Al-Hakim in his “Mustadrek” (Arabic) V.4, p.288 who said it is Saheeh (authentic) according to the conditions of Muslim and Al-Bukhari, and Ad-Dahabi agreed as well as Ibin Majah.
(8) TABARRUJ IS AN UNCHASTE AND DISGRACEFUL SIN
The woman is A’wrah, All of her body is not to be shown (30). To wear the clothes that show off and shapes her body features is disgraceful and Allah orders His slaves to stay away from disgraceful sins:
“When they commit a Fahisha (evil deed, going round the Ka’ba in naked state as in the times of Jahilyeeyah, every kind of unlawful sexual intercourse etc.), they say: ‘We found our fathers doing it and Allah has commanded us of it.’ Say: “Nay, Allah never commands of Fahisha. Do you say of Allah what you know not?” (Qur’an 7:28)
It is Shaytan (Satan) who orders such disgraceful sins. Allah says:
“Shaytan threatens you with poverty and orders you to commit sins.” (Qur’an 2: 268)
The Mutabar’rijah is a sinful virus that spreads disgraceful sins amongst the Muslim society. Allah, the Most High, says:
“Verily, those who like, that (the crime of) illegal sexual intercourse should be propagated among those who believe, they will have a painful torment in this world and in the Hereafter. And Allah knows and you know not.” (Qur’an 24:19)
Tabarruj is a leading cause for the spread of Zina (illegal sexual intercourse).
(30) See footnote # 7.
(9) TABARRUJ IS A SATANIC WAY
The story of Adam and his wife demonstrates how the enemy of Allah, Satan, was so covetous to incite them to show their private parts in order to spread evil and disgraceful sins. It also shows that the Tabarruj of women is a primary goal for Shaytan to achieve. Allah says:
“O children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts etc.) and as an adornment. But the raiment of righteousness, that is better.” (Qur’an 7:26)
It is clear that Satan is the one who established the call for Tabarruj and show off and that he is the leader of those “leaders” who call for the “liberation of women”. Satan is the “Imam” of everyone who obeys and follows him in disobedience to Allah (The Most Merciful), especially those Mutabar’rijat who harm the Muslims and deceive their youth. The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“I have not left after me any (chance) of turmoil more harmful to men than the harm done to the men because of women.(31)
Adam forgot, made a mistake, repented and asked forgiveness from Allah and Allah the Oft-Forgiving accepted Adam’s repentance. The struggle between Adam’s off-springs and Shaytan continues. The devil still whispers to drive us , men and women, to disobey Allah and follow sin. There is no safeguard except in the return to Allah in good faith and repentance, remembering Allah, asking His help to overcome lust and desire.
(31) Saheeh Muslim (English translation; published by Dar Al-Arabia) V. 4, hadeeth # 6603, p. 1431
(10) TABARRUJ IS THE WAY OF JEWS
Jews have an important role in the destruction of nations through the Fitna. (seduction/temptation) of women. The spread of Tabarruj is an effective weapon of their widespread establishments. They have an extensive experience in this field. One should look around only to see who runs Hollywood and famous Houses of “Fashions” and “Magazines” as well as the world of advertisement!. R-rated, X-rated movies and clothes are widespread. In fact the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Watch out for this worldly life (safeguard yourselves from its temptations); avoid the allurement of women: verily, the first trial for the people of Israel was caused by women. (32)
Their Books also testify to this fact. In the Third Chapter of Isaiah ( 16, 17):
“The Lord said: “Because the daughters of Zion are haughty and walk with necks outstretched ogling and mincing as they go, their anklets tinkling with every step. The Lord shall cover the scalps of Zion’s daughters with scabs, and the Lord shall bare their heads.” Furthermore, “On that day the Lord will do away with the finery of the anklets, sunbursts, and crescents; the pendants, bracelets, and veils; the headdresses, bangles, cinctures, perfume boxes, and amulets; the signet rings, and the rose rings; the court dresses, wraps, cloaks, and purses; the mirrors,..” (Isaiah, 3, 18-23; The New American Bible).
Although the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) warned against mimicking the Kuffar (non-believers) and their ways, especially the ways of women. Many Muslims do not abide by this warning (33). This is a testimony for the prophecy of the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) who said:
“You would tread the same path as was trodden by those before you inch by inch and step by step so that if they had entered into the hole of a Dhab (a desert lizard), you would follow them in this also. We said: Allah’s Messenger, do you mean Jews and Christians (by your words)” those before you”? he said: Who else (than those two religious groups). (34)
The similarity of those women who disobey Allah and his Messenger to the Jews is very evident because their response to Allah’s commands was similar to that of the Jews:
“We have heard and disobeyed” (Qur’an 2: 93)
This is unlike the response of the believing women:
“We hear and we obey.” (Qur’an 2: 285)
They remember the saying of Allah:
“And whoever contradicts and opposes the Messenger (Muhammad صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) after the right path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believers’ way, We shall keep him in the path he has chosen and burn him in Hell; what an evil destination!” (Qur’an 4: 115)
(32) Ibid, footnote # 31; Hadeeth # 6606, p.1432
(33) It is sad to see many who dislike the Kuffar in certain ways imitate them in their ways of living thinking that their materialistic progress could not be achieved except in acting, dressing, eating, jogging, sleeping ..like them. The true Muslim, however, remembers that any progress must meet the purpose for our presence on earth: all action must be related to the worship of Allah. The Kuffar have taken some of the means which Allah had created and used it for worldly gains. We are ordered to make the means adhere to the purpose of our creation: the worship of Allah Alone and thus uses the means to defend Islam and Muslims and secure the needs of life as well. Why should some of us dress the way Allah ordered and some does not? Should we choose Allah’s way or the Kuffar way? All the success is measured by one criterion: does it meet the pleasure of Allah or not?
(34) A famous and Saheeh hadeeth reported by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and others. The text here is as reported in Saheeh Muslim V. 4, hadeeth # 6448, p.1403
(11) TABARRUJ IS A FILTHY JAHILYEEYAH (IGNORANCE)
Allah says:
“And stay in your houses and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance” (Qur’an 33:33)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) described the times of ignorance as filthy and wicked and ordered us to reject it. Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) described the Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) as :
“He allows them as lawful At-Tayyibat (all i.e. good and lawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc.), and prohibits them as unlawful Al-Khaba’ith (all i.e. evil and unlawful as regard things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods, etc.)” (Qur’an 7: 157)
The call to bring about the times of Jahilyeeyah is similar to the call for Tabarruj, both of which are wicked ways that the Messenger (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) made unlawful. He (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Verily! every matter of Jahilyeeyah is under my feet!” (35)
Tabarruj and all forms of Jahilyeeyah such as false pride and haughtiness, ill thoughts about Allah, call for falsehood, setting up rivals with Allah, ruling by other than the laws of Islam, usury, etc., are all included.
(35) Related by Abu Dawoud, At-Tirmidhi, Ibin Majah, and Ad-Darime’i and Imam Ahmed.
(12) TABARRUJ IS AN ANIMAL ACT, RETARDATION (DECADENCE) AND DECLINE
To reveal and expose are natural behaviors of animals. Whenever man inclines towards such behaviors he starts his decline to a level lower than the level of manhood which Allah had bestowed upon him. Allah bestowed a natural inclination (Fitrah) towards covering, preservation, and safeguarding modesty. To consider the acts of display, exposition, and uncovering as acts of beauty reflects a corruption to the Fitrah and a degeneration in taste and a sign of decadence and decline.
The progress of man’s civility is linked to his/her covering of the body. The Hijab cover is fitting to the instinct of Gheerah which draws its strength from the soul. The so called “liberation from the chains of covering” is an instinct that draws its strength from lust which incites Tabarruj and mixing of the sexes. The one who is satisfied with this latter instinct must sacrifice the first one in order to silence the voice of the innate Gheerah in his heart in return for the “enjoyment” of Tabarruj and mixing. From this we understand that the Tabarruj is a sign of corruption of Fitrah, lack of bashfulness, Gheerah, and insensitivity.
(13) TABARRUJ IS A DOOR TO WIDESPREAD EVIL
Anyone who carefully examines the Islamic Texts (Qur’an and Sunnah) and the lessons of history, becomes convinced about the evils of Tabarruj and its harm, both on religious and worldly matters especially when it is associated with the mixing of sexes. Some of its underlying consequences are:
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“Sins didn’t spread in any particular nation until they openly conduct it and as a result, plague and other illnesses that were not present among their predecessors became widespread amongst them.” (37)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“The adultery of the eyes is the lustful look. .” (38)
The punishment of Allah is more severe than atomic bombs and earthquakes. Allah says:
“And when We (39) decide to destroy a town (population), We (first) send a definite order (to obey Allah and be righteous) to those among them [or We (first) increase in number those of its Population] who are given the good things in this life. Then, they transgress therein, and thus the word (of torment) is justified against it (them). Then We destroy it with complete destruction.” (Qur’an 17: 16)
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) said:
“When people see wrong (or evil) and they don’t change it, then it is imminent that the punishment of Allah will fall upon them. (40)
(36) You may have seen teen-age kids on the corners of many streets in Europe and in North America rooming around, smoking to get high, half naked, and on drugs looking to engage in sex. Why? What happened? Many try to hide from the hard facts! The drive for lust and materialistic life became the “god” of the new generations: the Pepsi-Michael-MTV- Jackson generations. The result: AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.
(37) Part of a lengthy hadeeth related by Ibin Majah, Abu Na’eem, and Al- Hakim who said: “it has a good chain of narrators”. Ad-Dahabi agreed to Al-Hakim’s report.
(38) Saheeh Muslim V.4, hadeeth # 6421 p. 1397
(39) “We” Plural Pronoun: Is used to stress the Greatness and Power of Allah Who is One. It is common with Semitic languages for any Monarch to use Plural Pronoun. It is also used by members of the Royal Family in England. To Allah, however, belong the Highest and most Perfect Example.
(40) Related by Abu Dawoud, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmed
Source: Posted from the e-Book: The Hijab .. Why? by Muhammad Bin Ahmad Bin Ismail AL-Mokadam| Dr. Saleh As-Saleh [PDF] & Audio Series
Related Link: https://abdurrahman.org/women
Sharh as-Sunnah : Lesson 54: Point 96
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]
Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:
And know that temporary marriage of convenience (al-Mut`ah) and marrying a woman merely to make her lawful for her previous husband (al-Istihlaal) are forbidden till the Day of Resurrection.
Shaykh Fawzan’s Explanation:
This is a matter of fiqh (jurisprudence). However, he brought it here because it has a connection to `aqeedah (creed and belief). Because al-Mut`ah (temporary marriage of convenience) is to declare as lawful something which Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, has made forbidden. And what this term al-Mut`ah (temporary marriage of convenience) means; to marry a woman for a certain set period whether it be long or short and after it, then the marriage ends automatically and does not require divorce.
Mut`ah; this temporary marriage, it used to be permissible at the beginning of Islaam and then the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam forbade it at the Battle of Khaybar.[1] Then he permitted it on the day of the Conquest of Makkah. Then he forbade it forever.[2]
So to begin with, it was lawful then it was made forbidden. Then it was permitted then it was forbidden forever. And the Muslims are united in consensus (Ijmaa`) that it is forbidden and that it is nikaahun baatil (baseless marriage). And there is consensus of this nation that it is forbidden, no-one disagrees with regard to that except for the Raafidah Ja`firee Shee`ah. They are the ones who contradict with regard to it. And their differing is not counted and has no value. So there is consensus (Ijmaa`) and text to show that temporary marriage of convenience (al-Mut`ah) is forbidden. It is a futile marriage and it has the ruling of zinaa (fornication).
His saying, “al-Mut`ah tan-nisaa,” Why did Imaam al-Barbahaaree say Mut`ah, meaning Mut’ah of the women, excluding by that Mut`ah of Hajj, which is that a person does Tamattu`, performing `Umrah and then performing Hajj. This is not what is meant here, for Hajj Tamattu` is what was supported by the majority of the People of Knowledge and no-one disagrees with regard to it except a small number but as for Mut`ah of the women meaning temporary marriage, then it’s forbidden by consensus, no-one disagrees about it from those whom disagreement is counted. Whereas, Mut’ah in Hajj is a matter of fiqh but as for Mut’ah, which is temporary marriage, then it is a matter, which has a connection to aqeedah (creed and belief) because it is making permissible that which Allaah, the Perfect and Most High, has made forbidden.
Footnotes:
[1] The Battle of Khaybar, the well-known battle against the Jews of Khaybar in the 7th year of Hijrah.
Al-Bukhaariyy reported in his saheeh (4,261) and also reported by Muslim in his saheeh (1,407) from Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu who said Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam forbade temporary marriage to the women on the day of Khaybar and he forbade eating the meat of domestic donkeys.
[2] Hadeeth for that reported by Muslim in his saheeh (1,406) from Sabrah al-Juhanee that, He was with Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and he said:
“O people, I have permitted you to take pleasure from the women and Allaah has forbidden that now until the Day of Resurrection. So, whoever has something from them then let that go on its way and do not take from anything that you have given to them.”
And in one wording:
“Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam commanded us with al-Mut`ah (temporary marriage) in the year of the conquest when we entered Makkah then we did not depart from it until he had forbidden us from it.”
—
Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah
Transcribed by Saima Zaher.
Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah
Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhus Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]
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[The following article has been extracted from Al-Ibaanah e-Book :
Your Flesh and Blood : The Rights of Children – Shaikh Muhammad Baazmool ]
Know that children are a source of trials (fitnah).
Allaah says:
وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ
“And know that your possessions and your children are but a trial and that surely, with Allaah is a mighty reward.” [Surah Al-Anfaal 8: 28]
It is stated in Adwaa-ul-Bayaan:
“Allaah ordered the people in this noble ayah to be aware that their properties and children are a trial for them by which they will be tested. Will your wealth and your children be a cause for you to fall into that which Allaah is displeased with?! Elsewhere (in the Qur’aan), He adds to this saying that wives are also a trial just like wealth and children, thus ordering the individual to beware of them putting him into that which Allaah is not pleased with.
Then He orders the individual – if he should see something he dislikes from these enemies who are the closest and most special of people to him, i.e. his children and wives – to forgive them, pardon them and not hold them accountable. So he should beware of them firstly and then pardon them if some thing should occur from them. This is found in His statement in Surah At-Taghaabun:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَّكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ – 64:14
إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ أَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ – 64:15
‘O you who believe, verily among your wives and your children are enemies for you, so beware of them. But if you pardon (them) and overlook and forgive (their faults), then verily, Allaah is All-Forgiving, Most-Merciful. Your wealth and your children are only a trial, whereas Allaah – with Him is a great reward.’ [Surah At-Taghaabun 64: 14-15]
He then asserts somewhere else (in the Qur’aan) that it is forbidden for the believers to let their wealth and children divert them from His Remembrance, stating that whoever let’s this happen is a loser who has been duped out of his shares. The ayah being referred to is Allaah’s saying:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ – 63:9
‘O you who believe, let not your properties or your children divert you from the Remembrance of Allaah. And whosoever does that, they are the losers.’ [Surah AlMunaafiqoon 63: 9]
The word ‘fitnah’, as mentioned in these verses, means a trial and a test. This is one of the many meanings this word possesses in the Qur’aan.” [28]
~~
Neither the wife nor the children of an individual will pick up the burden of his shortcomings and deficiencies on his behalf. Allaah says:
لَن تَنفَعَكُمْ أَرْحَامُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ ۚ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ – 60:3
“Neither your relatives nor your children will be of avail to you on the Day of Resurrection. He will judge between you. And Allaah is All-Seer of what you do.” [Surah Al-Mumtahanah 60: 3]
So children are a source of fitnah – they are a trial and a test. Allaah will test us by them. So we should fear Allaah with regard to them and give them the proper rights that they deserve. Or should we forfeit these rights, when Allaah will ask us about them?!
Al-Hasan (rahimahullah) reported: ‘Ubaidullaah bin Ziyad went to visit Ma’qil bin Yassaar while he was suffering from the illness that he eventually died from. So Ma’qil said: “I will indeed narrate a hadeeth to you that I heard from Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) . I heard the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) say:
‘There is no servant whom Allaah has granted responsibility over a group of people, then fails to look after them in an honest manner, except that he will not experience the fragrance of Paradise.’”
And in another narration of this hadeeth:
“There is no servant whom Allaah has granted responsibility over a group of people, then dies on the day that he dies whilst in a state of deceiving his people, except that Allaah makes Paradise forbidden for him.” [29]
Children are a source for causing one to divert away from the Remembrance of Allaah. At times, they may even lead you to disobey Him. In these cases, they are an enemy that you should beware of!
The Messenger of Allaah (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) has instructed us how to expiate this fitnah. Hudhaifah ( رضي الله عنه ) reported: “We were sitting one day with ‘Umar ( رضي الله عنه ) when he asked us: ‘Which one of you memorized the words of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) concerning trials?’ I replied: ‘I did, just as he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said it.’ He said: ‘You are quick to respond!!’ I said:‘A man’s trials with regard to his family, his wealth, his children and his neighbor are expiated by prayer, fasting, charity, and commanding (good) and forbidding (evil).’” [30]
Footnotes:
[28] Adwaa-ul-Bayaan (2/51-52) of Imaam Muhammad Al-Ameen Ash-Shanqeetee
[29] Reported by Al-Bukhaaree in his Saheeh: Book of Rulings (no. 7150) and Muslim in his Saheeh: Book of Faith (no. 142)
[30] Reported by Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim
URL of this article: http://wp.me/p1VJ3-bMK
Book on Talaq
125- Talaq which complies with the Sunnah and ruling on uttering the divorce three times in one session or in case of anger
From `Abdul-`Aziz ibn `Abdullah ibn Baz to the respected brother; may Allah grant you success! Amen.
As-salamu `alaykum warahmatullah wabarakatuh (May Allah’s Peace, Mercy, and Blessings be upon you.)
Kindly be informed that I have read your letter which contains some questions. They are answered as follows:
Q 1: What is the prescribed way of Talaq (divorce pronounced by a husband) in the light of the Qur’an and the Sunnah?
A: The prescribed way is that the husband declares the divorce one time when his wife is pregnant or in a state of purity and he has not engaged in any sexual relations with her. Allah (Glorified and Exalted be He) says: O Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم)! When you divorce women, divorce them at their ‘Iddah (prescribed periods)
It was reported in the Two Sahih (authentic) Books of Hadith (i.e. Al-Bukhari and Muslim) on the authority of Ibn `Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the latter divorced his wife when she was menstruating. `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) about his son’s action to which he replied: Command him to take her back, and keep her till she is purified, then has another period, then is purified. If he wishes he may keep her and if he wishes he may divorce her before having sexual intercourse, for that is the `Iddah (woman’s prescribed waiting period after divorce or widowhood) which Allah commanded for the divorce of a woman.
Another report narrated by Muslim from the Prophet (peace be upon him) reads: Then he can divorce her when she is pure (not menstruating) or pregnant.
Q 2: Is declaring Talaq three times in the same session regarded as one divorce or three divorces?
A: Three divorces uttered at the same time is only to be counted as one according to the soundest view of scholars. It was authentically reported in Sahih Muslim on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) that the (pronouncement) of three divorces during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) and that of Abu Bakr and for two years of the caliphate of `Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) was deemed as one time of divorce. Then, `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “People hasten in a matter in which they are required to observe respite. So, it is recommended to impose it upon them,” and he imposed it upon them. It is evident that the divorce in this way is counted as a threefold divorce according to Ijtihad (juristic effort to infer expert legal rulings) made by `Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). Yet, it is better to follow the authentic Sunnah than following Ijtihad made by `Umar or others for the benefit of the Muslims. This is supported by the report narrated by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad through an authentic Sanad (chain of narrators) from Ibn `Abbas that Abu Rukanah made three pronouncements of divorce and later regretted. So, he went to the Prophet (peace be upon him) who returned his wife to him, and said: It is one divorce.
Q 3: In a state of rage, a husband said to his wife: “I divorce you thrice.” He later regretted and wants to take her back.What is the ruling on this act?
A: According to the most correct opinion of scholars, Talaq is not effected if it is declared – once or thrice – in a fit of anger. They have to prove the claim that the apparent state which caused divorce is true. On the other hand, when anger is so intense that a person is no longer aware of what he is doing or saying, the divorce is not effected according to Ijma` (consensus of scholars). In this case, he is like one who is insane and one who has lost all power of reason due to unintentional drunkenness. Uttering divorce in a state of intentional drunkenness does not become effective due to loss of reason. `Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) issued a Fatwa that supported this view and it was followed by a group of people of knowledge, because it was based on Shar`y (Islamically lawful) evidence.
We ask Allah to guide all Muslims to understanding the religion and holding fast to it, for He is the One Who is capable to do so. As-salamu `alaykum warahmatullah wabarakatuh
Chairman of the Departments of Scholarly Research, Ifta’, Da`wah and Guidance
Fatwas of Ibn Baz : > Volume 21 > Book on Talaq > Talaq which complies with the Sunnah and ruling on uttering the divorce three times in one session or in case of anger
Other related Talaq Fatwa from Shaykh Ibn Baz:
http://www.alifta.net/fatawa/fatawaDetails.aspx?PageNo=2&View=Tree&NodeID=3697&BookID=14&lang=en
Other related Talaq Fatwa from Permannet Commiteee
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A FRIDAY SERMON BY: Muḥammad Ibn Ṣāliḥ al-‘Uthaymīn [1]
Oh Muslims, there is a certain well known pastime of tribulation and temptation into which many people fall today. Unfortunately, this issue does not negatively affect only the individuals who fall into it. Rather, its consequences affect others as Allah (تعالى) says:
Beware of a trial which will not afflict only those who have transgressed among you exclusively, and know that Allah is severe in penalty. [2]
Muslims, the tribulations to which I refer are temptations pertaining to (the unlawful admiration of) women, and it is such trials about which the messenger (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:
I will not leave behind a trial more harmful to men than (the temptations of) women.[3]
It is a trial which the shameful ones readily partake in, one that affects their desires, blinds their eyes, and destroys their judgment. This eventually leads them to following women around in the streets and shopping malls, flirting with them, whistling at them and whispering to them. They may even go so far as to touch or grope women in public as if they are completely unconcerned with others around them. Perhaps they see others as insignificant as if they were cattle. This is because such people are immersed in their own lust. They belittle morality and they defy societal norms. They are fearless before Allah (Azza wa Jal) as they choose ways (to support their desires) other than the respectable ways of sensible people.
We must, as a believing Muslim people, renounce these activities perpetrated by such immoral individuals. We detest these types of behaviors because they contradict the characteristics and qualities of believers in Allah and the last day. We disapprove of such actions because they are means leading one closer to adultery or fornication about which Allah (تعالى) says:
And do not approach adultery, fornication. Certainly, it has always been immoral and an evil way.[4]
We condemn this behavior (of chasing after women, watching them desirously, flirting with them, etc.) because it infringes upon personal safety and security, and it could lead to community fear, panic (among women), and societal disorder. And we criticize it because it may inevitably bring about a swift, overwhelming and inclusive punishment. Allaah (azza wa jal) says:
When we intend to destroy a town, we command its affluent ones, but they defiantly disobey. So the word comes into effect upon it, and we destroy it with complete destruction. [5]
Here, “We command” is a type of universal responsibility befitting those of affluence and power (to enforce change in society). Allah mentions the “affluent ones” because it is often the rich and powerful who immerse themselves in sin. And if they refuse to change, “The word comes into effect upon it, and we destroy it with complete destruction.” After mentioning His punishment for adultery and fornication (among other sins), Allah then speaks about the exception, those who will avoid punishment, the true worshippers of the Most-Merciful:
Whoever does that incurs sin. The punishment will be multiplied upon him and he will abide therein disgraced, except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous deeds. For them, Allah will replace their bad deeds with good ones and Allah is ever forgiving, merciful. [6]
Oh Muslims, You who try to safeguard your dignity and protect the women in your care, immoral qualities and shameful behaviors such as these to which some people degenerate—and such behavior was not prevalent in our society until recently—weaken your religion, weaken your honorable protectiveness of women, and spread the means leading to tribulations and societal problems.
Weakening of One’s Religion
As for the weakening of one’s religion, these people who follow women around, being tested with admiring and flirting with them, had they been strong in religion, they would not dare do the kinds of things they do with women. Such actions result in their sinning against Allah (azza wa jal) and preoccupying themselves with and giving preference to the creation instead of the creator. Allah (azza wa jal) says:
Tell the believing men to lower their gazes and protect their private parts. That is purer for them. Allah is certainly aware of everything they do. [7]
The Weakening of One’s Honorable Protectiveness of Women
As for the weakening of one’s honorable protectiveness – the praiseworthy type of respectful jealousy one should have of women – individuals afflicted with this temptation to “chase women,” had they had the complete respectful honor for women, they would not dare chase after the women of their brothers (in faith), the women (sisters, daughters, mothers) of their fellow citizens, thereby putting those women into the same types of temptations and tribulations. The type of religious brotherhood we have obliges men to respect and honor his brothers’ womenfolk and those of his fellow citizens, having the same kind of commendable jealousy for their honor and chastity as he has for his own female relatives.
I would ask these men: Would you be happy to know that someone chases after your own wife out of desire for her? Or your daughter, your sister, or other female relatives? Would you like people flirting with them? If he would hate such behavior with his own women, why would he allow his own desires to tempt him into doing the same things with other women? I warn these individuals who have been afflicted with such admiration of women from the very actions which would allow another man to gain influence over his own women. I advise them to prevent his relatives from becoming afflicted with such trials.
The Spreading of Tribulations & Societal Problems
The tribulations and temptations to admire and chase after women are many. Such behavior (because of its popularity and influence) leads to various forms of widespread media, including audio, visual, and written publications, being placed in the hands of our young men and women. They have newspapers and magazines filled with images and articles that arouse their desires, stimulate their emotions, and kindle the fires of passion. Even worse than this media is that which comes to our land from abroad, or sometimes even from our own citizens. We ask Allah to guide them and to protect us from their evil.
Another way this tribulation may spread is by the very blessings which Allah has bestowed on this land: the comfort of its society, its excess wealth, good food, and the overall security and prosperity of our society. Oftentimes, such luxuries lead one’s heart to become empty and the body to become idle from inactivity or unemployment. This is why you almost always find these young men to be one of two types. They are often unsuccessful men who have no careers to occupy their time or attention. They live off the prosperity of other wealthy, successful men. They neither know a skill, nor try to learn one. They do not work towards a specific occupation or official career. Thus, his desires get the better of him and leave him in a perpetual downfall.
Or they may often be men who may work but they waste the results of their labor, wasting their earnings, unconcerned with its value or what results from the bad consequences of their actions. But as for a dignified, determined believer, he does not allow his personality to deteriorate to the point of such shallow yet despicable behavior. Other ways these temptations spread is what some women of immoral conduct themselves perpetrate in their choice of clothing, their appearance, and lustful behaviors. By these choices, they are inclined to promote this type of tribulation. Such conduct was foreign to our righteous predecessors. Some women go to shopping centers to flaunt themselves, to exhibit their beauty with the most attractive clothing they own. They may then throw over it a thin cloak but one that might be shortened or raised up so that her attractive clothing underneath is displayed. They are dressed yet still appear naked, wearing the types of garments the women of Hell wear. The prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:
There are two types of the people of Hell that I have never seen: (1) People with whips like the tails of cattle with which they beat people, and (2) women who are dressed but appear naked, walking with an enticing strut with their heads looking like the humps of camels. They will never enter Paradise, nor even smell its fragrance although its scent can be perceived from such and such a distance. [8]
Some women also frequent shopping centers adorned with gold jewelry or elegant watches, walking in such a manner and revealing her hands (in an attractive, seductive way) to entice those who see her even though Allah (Azza wa Jal) says:
They (believing women) should not strike their feet in such a manner that the adornment they hide may be known. [9]
Other women go out perfumed, sometimes choosing to wear the strongest, most fragrant perfume so that almost every man she passes who smells her scent, she allures him with it. The prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said about this:
Any woman who has been around incense should not join us in the last evening prayer. [10]
A woman, if she wears perfume and then passes by a gathering (of men), she is this and that (meaning: a type of adulterer, fornicator). [11]
Other women frequent the malls unveiled or wearing a thin veil that barely conceals her face. Perhaps it is even worn as a way of beautifying her face, or just to hide some blemish on her face. Still other women may cover their faces yet they wear the veil so tightly that their nose, eyebrows, and cheeks are shown. These are no doubt temptations.
You also find women roaming shopping centers in a strutting, swaying manner and joke and giggle with their girlfriends. Sometimes they visit shops, with or without need, to chat with the salesman, prolonging their conversation. Perhaps she requests an item stored in the back of the shop that she actually does not want; she just wants to keep chatting with the salesman. Yet Allah (Azza wa Jal) told the prophet’s wives and they were considered the “mothers of the believers,” they were the most pure and farthest from any behaviors or situations of temptation – Allah told them:
Do not be soft in speech (to men) for fear that he in whose heart is a disease should desire (you), but speak in an honorable manner. [12]
Muslims, we have described some things regarding the sickness but is there a cure? The answer is yes and there are several types of medicine thanks to Allah. We are a Muslim nation practicing the religion of Islam, and Allah (Azza wa Jal) has clarified the general responsibilities a man has regarding his family members and the prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) has spoken about this as well. As for Allah (Azza wa Jal) He says in His noble book:
You who believe, protect yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel is people and stones over which are (appointed) angels, stern and severe. They do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do as they are commanded.[13]
As for the Sunnah, the prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) said:
Each of you is a shepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock. The leader is a shepherd and responsible for his flock (i.e., citizens). A man is a shepherd over his family and responsible for his flock. A woman is a shepherd in her husband’s home and responsible for her flock. And a servant, worker is a shepherd over the property of his master, boss. So each of you is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock.[14]
Worshippers of Allah, fear Allah and fulfill your responsibilities. Continuously prevent and discourage the women in your care from visiting shopping centers to behave in manners that contradict religious rulings.
I ask Allah to help us and you with regards to the medicine of integrity and honor, to guide us and guide others with us for He is capable of all things. All thanks are for Allah, the lord of the worlds, and may Allah send peace and prayers on our prophet, Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.
Ibn al-‘Uthaymīn continues in the second part of his Friday sermon…
Oh Muslim brothers. You, men who are caretakers of women, men who are responsible for your families, fear Allah with respect to yourselves and families. Cultivate in them respectable manners and praiseworthy characteristics, and discourage them from becoming the very means which lead to temptations and tribulations. You are men and they are women and men have been charged with taking care of women because of what Allah has given one over the other and because men (are obliged to) spend their wealth to support them. [15]
A man should neither be (helpless, having no influence) as if he were simply a rock in his house, nor should he be as if he is one of the women. Rather, he must act like a man in every sense of the word. Be shepherds; be responsible and influential so that you live among your families as men.
Some people go to great measures to ensure their financial stability, carefully watching their expenses, their checkbooks and bookkeeping. Yet they neglect their family members for whom they are personally and immediately responsible. Such a man, were he to lose a single sheep from his flock (a single coin, for example), he would search right and left for it until it is found. All the while, he remains unconcerned that his family members, his sons and daughters, are losing their manners and good character.
Men are protectors and maintainers of women by what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend (to support them) from their wealth.
Fulfill the obligations Allah has placed over you. This is my advice I present to you as I remind you that you are responsible for your families because Allah told you this and the prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم) has charged you with this. Do you want to waste this trust you have been given? Do you want to be unable to answer when you are made to stand in front of Allah and asked about this trust?
Fear Allah and take seriously the obligations Allah has placed on you. Do not neglect and waste your chances at raising your family. If you fail in the upbringing of your family and this man fails his family and that man fails, soon the entire society becomes corrupt. Society is a conglomeration made up of individuals, so when the individuals become corrupt the entire population is corrupt.
I conclude this speech of mine asking Allah (Azza wa Jal) to assist us and you all in fulfilling our responsibilities we have regarding the safeguarding of our families. Oh Allah, help us care for our families, providing the best care for them.
Footnotes:
[1]This is a sermon given by Muḥammad Ibn Ṣāliḥ al-‘Uthaymīn before a Friday prayer. The complete opening and closing supplications of the scholar have been omitted. The Arabic text and audio, at the time of translation, is available at: http://www.ibnothaimeen.com/all/khotab/article_265.shtml.
[2] The Quran, Sūrah al-Anfāl, 8:25
[3] Collected by al-Bukhārī. Allah confirms this in Sūrah Āli-‘Imrān, 3:14, as He mentions various things people covet, beginning the list with women: Beautified for people is the love of that which they desire: women…
[4]Sūrah al-Isrā, 17:32
[5]Sūrah al-Isrā, 17:16
[6]Sūrah al-Furqān, 25:68-70
[7] Sūrah al-Nūr, 24:30
[8] Collected by Muslim
[9] Sūrah al-Nūr, 24:31
[10] Collected by al-Nasāī and al-Albānī said it is authentic in Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan al-Nasāī (no. 4739)
[11] Collected by al-Tirmidhī and al-Albānī said it is authentic in Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan al-Tirmidhī (no. 2237). In a similar narration collected by al-Nasāī and graded as authentic by al-Albānī in Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan al-Nasāī (no. 4737), the prophet (صلّى اهلل عليه وسلّم) said explicitly: “Any woman who wears perfume and then passes by people so that they smell her fragrance, she is an adulterer, fornicator”
[12] Sūrah al-Aḥzāb, 33:32
[13] Sūrah al-Taḥrīm, 66:6
[14] Collected by al-Bukhārī
[15] This is based on the verse in Sūrah al-Nisā, 4:34:
Translated by Abu az-Zubayr Harrison hafidhahullaah
Posted from Original PDF:
http://www.authentic-translations.com/trans-pub/at_misau_20.pdf
Islaam has also prohibited a man from being in privacy with a woman – which means that he is alone with her in an isolated area with no one else present – since this leads to the occurrence of fitnah.
The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “Beware of entering in the presence of women.” The Companions said: “O Messenger of Allaah, what about the male in-laws (i.e. the husband’s male relatives)?” He صلى الله عليه وسلم replied: “The male in-laws are death.” [9] This means: The danger of these family members is greater. Why is this? It’s because a woman is less restrained from her husband’s male relatives as compared to other males. Her refraining from them is minimal. But in spite of this, there must be caution and awareness applied to a husband’s male relatives.
As for what we hear about today from some ignoramuses that a husband’s brother, paternal uncle or other male relative can greet his wife, shake her hand, be alone with her and enter into her presence – this is baseless. It is not permissible for a nonmahram to enter into the presence of a woman (without Hijaab), nor to shake her hand, nor to be alone in privacy with her unless there is someone else in the house through which the privacy will be removed. But as for him entering into a house that has no one in it but her, and he is not one of her mahaarim, then this is the forbidden type of privacy and it is dangerous.
Another example of this is if he enters an empty room – there being no one in there but him and her. This is not permissible since it is a means that leads to fitnah. This is even the case if the man that is alone with her in this private area is a doctor. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: “No man is alone in privacy with a woman except that the Devil is the third party amongst them.” [10] This means that the Devil is present and makes falling into immorality appear pleasant to them. This is since he is always calling to fitnah and takes advantage of this opportunity to spread immorality between them. In order to cut off the pathway of the Devil and his supporters as well as the path to corruption, the Legislator has restricted men from being alone with women.
From the new forms of this forbidden type of privacy that has appeared in our times is a woman riding in a car by herself with a driver that is not mahram to her. So he takes her to the school, to the market and even to the masjid! This is not permissible. It is not permissible for a woman to ride in her car alone with a driver that is not a mahram to her because this is from the prohibited forms of privacy.
Footnotes:
[08] Reported by Imaam Al-Bukhaaree (2/219) from the narration of Ibn ‘Abbaas radhi Allaahu anhu
[09] Reported by Imaam Al-Bukhaaree (6/158-159 from the narration of ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamir radhi Allaahu anhu
[10] Reported by At-Tirmidhee (no. 1171) and a similar narration by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad (1/18) both from the narration of ‘Umar bin Al-Khattaab radhi Allaahu anhu
Source : Advice to the Muslim Woman – Shaykh Saalih bin Fawzaan al-Fawzaan [al Ibaanah Book]
“Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient (to Allah and to their husbands), and guard in the husband’s absence what Allah orders them to guard (e.g. their chastity, their husband’s property, etc.). As to those women on whose part you see ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beat them (lightly, if it is useful), but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance). Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great.” [Qur’an 4:34 – Muhsin Khan Translation]
abdurrahman.org/audio-saleh-as-saleh – Audios of Dr. Saleh as Saleh
Anas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
One of the sons of Abu Talhah (May Allah be pleased with him) was ailing. Abu Talhah went out and the boy died in his absence. When he came back, he inquired, “How is the boy?”. Umm Sulaim, the mother of the boy, replied, “Better than before”. Then she placed his evening meal before him and he ate it; and thereafter slept with her. At last, she said to him: “Arrange for the burial of the boy”. In the morning, Abu Talhah went to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and informed him of the event. He enquired, “Did you sleep together last night?” Abu Talhah replied in the affirmative, on which the Prophet (ﷺ) supplicated, “O Allah bless them.” Thereafter, she gave birth to a boy. Abu Talhah said to me: “Take up the boy and carry him to the Prophet (ﷺ)”; and he sent some dates with him. The Prophet (ﷺ) enquired, “Is there anything with him?” He said; “Yes, some dates”. The Prophet (ﷺ) took a date, chewed it and put it in the mouth of the baby and rubbed the chewed date around the baby’s gum and named him ‘Abdullah.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
The narration in Bukhari adds: Ibn ‘Uyainah relates that a man from the Ansar told him that he had seen nine sons of this ‘Abdullah, every one of whom had committed the Noble Qur’an to memory.
The narration of Muslim says: The son of Abu Talhah (May Allah be pleased with him) who was born of Umm Sulaim died. She (Umm Sulaim) said to the members of the family: “Do not tell Abu Talhah about his son until I mention it to him myself.” Abu Talhah came (home) and she gave him supper. He ate and drank. She then beautified herself the best way she ever did and he slept with her. When she saw that he was satisfied after sexual intercourse with her, she said, “O Abu Talhah! If some people borrow something from another family and then (the members of the family) ask for its return, would they refuse to give it back to them.” He said, “No”. She said, “Then hope reward for your son”. Abu Talhah got angry, and said; “You left me uninformed until I stained myself (with sexual intercourse) and then you told me about my son. “He went to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and informed him about the matter. Thereupon Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “May Allah bless the night you spent together!” He (the narrator) said: She conceived. (One day) Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in the course of a journey and she was along with him. When Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to come back to Al-Madinah from a journey, he would not enter it (during the night). When the people came near Al- Madinah, she felt labour pains. He (Abu Talhah) remained with her and Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) proceeded on. Abu Talhah said: “O Rubb, You know that I love to go along with Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when he goes out and enter along with him when he enters, and I have been detained as You see.” Umm Sulaim then said: “O Abu Talhah, I do not feel (so much pain) as I was feeling earlier, so we better proceed on. So we proceeded on and she felt the labour of delivery as they reached (Al-Madinah). She gave birth to a male child. My mother said to me: “O Anas, none should suckle him until you go to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) tomorrow morning.” The next morning I carried the baby with me to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and narrated the rest of the story.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
وعن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: كان ابن لأبي طلحة رضي الله عنه يشتكي، فخرج أبو طلحة، فقبض الصبي، فلما رجع أبو طلحة قال: ما فعل ابني؟ قالت أم سليم وهى أم الصبي : هو أسكن ما كان، فقربت إليه العشاء فتعشى، ثم أصاب منها، فلما فرغ قالت: واروا الصبي، فلما أصبح أبو طلحة أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأخبره، فقال: ”أعرستم الليلة ؟” قال: نعم ، قال: ”اللهم بارك لهما، فولدت غلاماً، فقال لي أبو طلحة: احمله حتى تأتى به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وبعث معه بتمرات، فقال: ”أمعه شيء؟” قال: نعم، تمرات فأخذها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فمضغها ، ثم أخذها من فيه فجعلها في فيّ الصبي ، ثم حنكه وسماه عبد الله. ((متفق عليه)) .
وفى رواية لمسلم: مات ابن لأبي طلحة بن أم سليم ، فقالت لأهلها لا تحدثوا أبا طلحة بابنه حتى أكون أنا أحدثه، فجاء فقربت إليه عشاءً فأكل وشرب، ثم تصنعت له أحسن ما كانت تصنع قبل ذلك، فوقع بها، فلما أن رأت أنه قد شبع وأصاب منها قالت: يا أبا طلحة، أرأيت لو أن قوماً أعاروا عاريتهم أهل بيت فطلبوا عاريتهم، ألهم أن يمنعوهم؟ قال: لا، فقالت : فاحتسب ابنك. قال: فغضب، ثم قال: تركتني حتى إذا تلطخت أخبرتني بابني؟! فانطلق حتى أتى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فأخبره بما كان ، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. ”بارك الله في ليلتكما” قال: فحملت، قال وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في سفر وهي معه، وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا أتى المدينة من سفر لا يطرقها طروقاً فدنوا من المدينة، فضربها المخاض، فاحتبس عليها أبو طلحة، وانطلق رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: يقول أبو طلحة: إنك لتعلم يارب أنه يعجبني أن أخرج مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا خرج، وأدخل معه إذا دخل، وقد احتبست بما ترى، تقول أم سليم: يا أبا طلحة ما أجد الذى كنت أجد، انطلق، فانطلقنا، وضربها المخاض حين قدما فولدت غلاماً. فقالت لي أمي : يا أنس لا يرضعه أحد حتى تغدو به على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلما أصبح احتملته فانطلقت به إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. وذكر تمام الحديث.
Riyad as-Salihin » The Book of Miscellany – Book 1, Hadith 44
Source: Dar-us-salam english publication
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39- Riyaadus Saaliheen – 44 – Patience of Umm Sulaym – Tahneek for Newborn – Saleh-As-Saleh
Hadeeth – An Nawawi Riyadus us Saliheen
Nifass: is the bleeding due to delivery by a pregnant woman. It may occur with delivery, after delivery (post-natal) or before delivery (by two or three days coupled to contractions).
Shayekh Al-Islam Ibn Taymeeyah said: “The blood seen when the woman starts her contractions is Nifass and it is not limited to two or three days. These contractions are followed by delivery or otherwise the released blood is not Nifass”.
The scholars differed as to whether there is a limit on its duration. Shayekul Islam Ibn Taymeeyah said: “Nifass has no limit on the duration of its shorter or longer periods. Assuming that a woman sees a flowing of blood for more than forty, sixty, or seventy days and then the blood flow stops. This kind of bleeding is Nifass. Suppose, however, that the bleeding continues, then a limit of forty days is set as Nifass because this period is the common period encountered by most women”.
This author said: “based upon the above, if the bleeding of a woman continues beyond forty days and if there are signs that indicate that it will come to a stop (based upon previous pregnancies or some other signs), then she should wait until the blood flow stops. If none of these signs are encountered by a woman, then she cleans herself (bath) upon the completion of forty days considering it the reference period for most women. On the other hand, if upon the completion of her forty days she gets her normal menses then she should wait until it ends. If the blood continues after her regular menses ends, then she is a Mustahadah and should apply the rules of Istihadah”.
If the Nifass bleeding stops before the forty day-reference period and she becomes clean, then she should take a bath, pray, fast and she may engage in sexual intercourse with her husband. The stopping of the flow of blood for less than a day does not qualify her to be clean (as mentioned in Al-Mughnee).
Nifass is not confirmed unless the woman delivers a human being with clear features. If a small body is delivered but clearly does not show the developed features of a human being, then the associated bleeding is not Nifass and it is considered as Irq blood (blood from a blood vessel). The least period for which a human form can develop is eighty days starting from the day of conception and most often it is ninety days. Al-Mujid Ibn Taymeeyah [57] said: “If she sees blood coupled to contractions prior to the 80/90-days she should not give it any consideration (i.e., she continues to pray and fast) but if she sees blood after this period she should then refrain from praying and fasting. If, however, she delivers her load and the new born has developed human features, then her bleeding (prior the 80/90 days) should be considered as Nifass and she should correct for her missed prayers and fasting. If on the other hand the newborn does not show developed human features then her bleeding should still not to be considered as Nifass and does not have to make up for her prayers and fasting.”
The laws of Nifass are the same as the laws governing menses, except in the following cases:
(1) The Idda is not related to Nifass, but rather to the rules of divorce. For example: if Talaq (divorce) was declared prior to delivery, then the Idda ends upon delivery and is not related to the Nifass period. If Talaq was declared after delivery, she waits for the return of her menses and accordingly calculates her Idda as explained earlier.
(2) The period of Eelaa’. The Eelaa’ is when the husband makes an oath to indefinitely (or for more than four months) not to have sexual intercourse with his wife. If his wife demands sexual intercourse, a period of four months starting from the day he took his oath, will be set. If this period is completed he will be ordered (by a Muslim Judge) either to perform sexual intercourse with his wife or request of separation by his wife will be fulfilled. Nifass will not be counted against the Eelaa’ period. An increment equal to the period needed for the wife’s Tahara from Nifass will be added towards the Eelaa’ period. This is in contrast with menses (Haid), whereby its period is counted against the Eelaa’ period.
(3) Puberty: It is clear that Nifass is related to pregnancy. A woman cannot get pregnant before she has her own sexual secretions. Haid (and not Nifass) indicates that puberty had been reached.
(4) What if the flow of Nifass blood stops before the forty days period and then resumes on the fortyth day? In contrast with Haid blood [58], the state of this resumption is considered to be “doubtful” according to famous sayings by the Hanabilah scholars. She, according to them, must fast and pray on time . All that which is forbidden on the Haa’id is forbidden on her, except obligatory acts. She must compensate all that which the Haa’id must compensate for. This author, however, is with the opinion that: “If the blood resumes within a period that may be a Nifass period, then her blood is Nifass blood. If not, then it is a Haid blood unless it continues to flow and it will then be an Istihadah blood. This opinion is close to that reported in Al-Mughnee (V.1, P. 349) in which it is mentioned that Imam Malik have said: “If she sees blood two or three days after its flow had stopped, then it is Nifass blood or otherwise it is a Haid blood.” This is also the choice of Shayekul Islam Ibn Taymeeyah.
Realistically, there can be no “doubt” about blood. It is, however, a relative matter in which peoples’ opinions may vary depending upon their knowledge and understanding. The Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) are sources of clarification for everything. Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى) did not make it mandatory for someone to fast twice or make Tawaff twice except when there is something done wrong during the performance of these acts for the first time and that it cannot be corrected without actually making it up. However, in the case when someone performs a certain act to the best of his/her ability then he/she is relieved from any responsibility as Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَ تَعَالَى) says:
( { لا يُكَلِّفُ الله نفساً إلاَّ وُسعَها } (البقرة، 286
“Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope” (Qur’an 2: 286)
( { فاتَّقوا الله ما استَطَعتُم } (التغابن، 16
“So keep your duty to Allah as much as you can” (Qur’an 64: 16)
(5) What about sexual intercourse with a woman who becomes clean prior to the forty days-reference period of Nifass? In the case of the Haa’id, sexual intercourse is permissible if she becomes clean prior to her “normal” duration of her cycle.
In the case of Nifass and in accordance with the well known opinion of the Hanbali school of thought, sexual intercourse is disliked. The right opinion, however, is that it is not disliked and this is also the saying of the majority of Muslim Scholars, because to make something disliked requires a supporting evidence from Islamic Law. In this case there is no evidence except that which Imam Ahmad related: “the wife of Uthman the son of Abi Al-‘Aass approached him before the end of the forty -day period and he told her: ‘do not!'”. This does not necessitate that he disliked what she did because it is possible that he was acting cautiously being afraid that she was not certain that she was Tahira (clean from Nifass) or that bleeding may be re-activated following intercourse with her or for some other reason- and Allah knows best.
References :
[57] Al-Mujid Ibin Taymeeyah: Is the grandfather of the famous Ibin Taymeeyah. He was also a highly respected scholar.
[58] If menses blood stops and resumes then it is certainly Haid blood. For example, a woman has her normal monthly cycle for eight days. She says that the blood stops on the fourth day for two days and then it resumes on the seventh and eighth day. This resumed blood is a certainly a Haid blood.
Posted from : [eBook] Natural Blood of Women – Shaykh Uthaymeen – Dr Saleh As-Saleh
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